ဝေါဟာရ ဗေဒသဏ္ဌာန် တၞး

ဗွဲသၟဝ်ဝွံ မဒှ်အရာ မပံက်ပွံက် ယၟုဝေါဟာရ ပ္ဍဲအရာမစကာ ကာလ ဗၟံက်ထ္ၜး ဗီုသဏ္ဌာန် တၞးဆု တၞံဆုဂမၠိုင်ရ၊၊ တၞးဆုတအ်ဂှ် လ္ၚဵုရံင်ကြပ်တုပ်ကီုလေဝ် တၞးဆုတအ်ဂှ် မွဲတၞးကဵုမွဲတၞး ဗီုသဏ္ဌာန်ဍေဟ် ဟွံတုပ် ရေင်သကအ်ရ၊၊ တၞုင်တၞးတအ်ဂှ် လ္ၚဵုမ္ဂး ဒှ်ဗီုဓမ္မတာ၊ လ္ၚဵုဗီုဓမ္မတာဟွံသေင်၊ လ္ၚဵု ကလိတ်တုဲ လ္ၚဵု မၞုံကဵုကသော်၊ လ္ၚဵုဓရအ် လ္ၚဵု မၞုံကဵု ဇလ မြဴသာ်ဝွံ ဟွံတုပ်ရေင်သကအ်ရ၊၊ တၞဟ်နဂွံပါ် ဗီုသဏ္ဌာန်တအ်ဂွံတုဲ ကဵုလဝ်ယၟု အတိုင်ဗွဲသၟဝ်ဏအ်ရ၊

Chart illustrating leaf morphology terms

ဗီုလဒက်ပ္တန် တၞး (Leaf structure)

A ternate compound leaf with a petiole but no rachis (or rachillae)

တၞး နူတၞံဗွဲမဂၠိုင်မ္ဂး နွံကဵု ဗီုလဒက်ပ္တန် မထပေဟ် မကော်ဂး သၠ၊ ဆဂး တၞးသီုဖအိုတ်ဂှ် ထပေဟ်ဒၟံင် ဖအိုတ် ဟွံသေင်၊ လ္ၚဵုဂှ် ထၜေါမ် (cylindrical)လေဝ် နွံကီုရ၊၊ တၞး ဗွဲမဂၠိုင်တအ်ဂှ် မွဲတၞး မွဲဓဝ်လေဝ်နွံကီု လ္ၚဵုဂှ် ဒှ်ဒၟံင်ကမာ မဂၠိုင်ကဵုတၞး မစာတ်ဗာန်ဒၟံင်လေဝ် နွံကီုရ၊၊ တၞံပ္ကဴဂမၠိုင်မ္ဂး ညံင်ရဴမၞုံကဵုတၞး သၠမွဲတၞးဂှ် ပ္ဍဲတဝ်တၞးမွဲဂှ် နွံကဵုတၞးဗွဲမဂၠိုင် မကော်စ petiole၊ တုဲပၠန် နွံကဵု ဓရှ် (stipule) မပံင်ပကောံလဝ် နကဵုတဝ် (rachis) လေဝ် နွံကီုရ၊၊

ဗီုရုပ် (Image)	ဝေါဟာရ (Term)	လေတ္တေန် (Latin)	ဗမံက်ထ္ၜး (Description)
	ဒွိပဏ္ဏ (bifoliolate)		မၞုံကဵု သၠတၞး ၜါ (Having two leaflets)
	ကဝါန် (geminate)
	ကမာ (jugate)
	ဒွိကဝါန် (bigeminate)		မၞုံကဵု သၠတၞးၜါ၊ ဇၟာပ်သၠတၞး နွံကဵု ကဝါန် (Having two leaflets, each leaflet being bifoliolate)
	ဒွိဇၟန်ကဝါန် (bipinnate)	bipinnatus	အလဵုဇကု သၠတၞးတအ်ဂှ် မဒက်ပ္တန်လဝ် နကဵုဇၟန်တုဲ ဇၟန်ဂှ် နွံကဵုကဝါန် (The leaflets are themselves pinnately-compound; twice pinnate)
	ဒွိတြိပဏ္ဏ (biternate)		နွံကဵု ပိထာင် ဇၟာပ်ထာင် မၞုံကဵု သၠတၞးပိ (With three components, each with three leaflets)
	ဒိုဟ်ဇၟန်ကဝါန်(imparipinnate)		မၞုံကဵု သၠတၞး အထောတ်မွဲတုဲ ဇၟန်ကဝါန် မၞုံကဵုသၠတၞးဇၞော်ဇၞော် (With an odd number of leaflets, pinnate with a terminal leaflet (the opposite of paripinnate))
	မွဲဒိုဟ်-ဇၟန်ကဝါန် (odd-pinnate)
	လ္ၚောဝ်ဇၟန်ကဝါန် (paripinnate)]]		ဇၟန်ကဝါန် မၞုံကဵု လၟိဟ်သၠတၞး သီုၜါလပါ် တုပ်ပ် (Pinnate with an even number of leaflets, lacking a terminal leaflet (the opposite of imparipinnate))
	လၟိဟ်တုပ်-ဇၟန်ကဝါန် (even-pinnate)
	ဒွန်တောဲ နဲဂတာတဲ (palmately compound)		မတောဲဗစိုပ်လဝ် သၠတၞးတအ် သီုဖအိုတ် ပ္ဍဲဗဟဵုမွဲဒၞာဲ(Consisting of leaflets all radiating from one point)
	ဒွန်တောဲ ဇၟန်ကဝါန်(pinnately compound)		မၞုံကဵု သၠတၞးၜါကရုင် ပ္ဍဲတၞုင်တဝ်ဂှ် နွံသၠတၞးမွဲ (ရံင် ဒိုဟ်ဇၟန်ကဝါန် ကေုာံ လ္ၚောဝ်ဇၟန်ကဝါန်) (Having two rows of leaflets on opposite sides of a central axis, see imparipinnate and paripinnate)
	သောင်ရောင်(simple)		တၞး မွဲတၞးဓဝ် ဟွံမဲ ကဵုသၠတၞး (ဟွံမဲကဵု ဒွန်တောဲ) (Leaf blade in one continuous section, without leaflets (not compound))
	တြိပဏ္ဏ(ternate)	(ternatus)	မၞုံကဵု သၠတၞး ပိ (With three leaflets)
	တြိသၠတၞး (trifoliate)	(trifoliatus)
	(trifoliolate)	(trifoliolatus)
	တြိဇၟန်ကဝါန် (tripinnate	(tripinnatus)	ဒွန်တောဲ နကဵု ဇၟန်ကဝါန် ပ္ဍဲဇၟာပ်သၠတၞးဂှ် နွံကဵုဇၟန်ကဝါန်မွဲမွဲ (Pinnately compound in which each leaflet is itself bipinnate)

ဗီုပြင်တၞး ကေုာံ သၠတၞး(Leaf and leaflet shapes)

အရာတၟေင် ကေုာံ ဗီုပြင် တၞးတအ်ဂှ် ဒှ်အရာ သွက်ဂွံစၟတ်သမ္တီ ဗၟံက်ထ္ၜး ပါ် ဂကူတၞံဆု နာနာတအ်ရ၊၊ ပါဲနူဂှ်တုဲ ဗီုပြင် သဏ္ဌာန်ပ္ကဴတအ်လေဝ် စကာ ပ္ဍဲအရာ မပါ်စၟတ်သမ္တီ ဂကူတၞံဆုတအ်ကီုရ၊၊

Oddly pinnate, pinnatifid leaves (Apium graveolens, celery)

Partial chlorosis revealing palmate venation in simple leaves of Hibiscus mutabilis

ဗီုရုပ် (Image)	ဝေါဟာရ (Term)	လေတ္တေန် (Latin)	စၞောန် ဒၞာဲအဓိက မၞုံဒၟံင် (Refers principally to)	ဗမံက်ထ္ၜး (Description)
	တၞိင်စာမ် (acicular)	acicularis	အလုံမွဲတၞး (entire leaf)	သောဲ တုဲ ကေက် ညံင်ကဵုတၞုင် (Slender and pointed, needle-like.)
	တၞုင်စာမ်(acuminate)	acuminatus	ကၞောတ် တၞး (leaf tip)	မသောဲကေက်အာ နူကဵုလဒေါဝ် (Tapering to a long point in a concave manner.)
	အခုတ် (acute)		ကၞောတ် (ဟွံ) တမ်တၞး (leaf tip or base)	ကၞောတ် ကဵု တမ် တုပ်သၟဟ် - မၞုံကဵု ကၞောတ် မကေက် ဇမၠေအ်၊ ဒကဴ အောန်နူ 90° ဒဳဂရဳ (Pointed, having a short sharp apex angled less than 90°.)
	အခုတ္ထမုက်(apiculate)	apiculatus	ကၞောတ်တၞး (leaf tip)	သောဲဍောတ်စှ်ေတုဲ ပ္ဍဲကၞောတ် နွံကဵု ထမုက် မသောဲကေက် (Tapering and ending in a short, slender point.)
	တၞုၚ်သောဲကေက်(aristate)	aristatus	ကၞောတ်တၞး(leaf tip)	မကယျောဝ်သောဲစှ်ေ တၞုင်ဂၠိၚ်ကေက် (Ending in a stiff, bristle-like point.)
	ထၞောတ်(attenuate)		တမ်တၞး (leaf base)	မၞုံကဵု ဗီုပြင်တၞး မဍောတ်သောဲစှ်ေ လပါ်တဝ်တုဲ ပ္ဍဲတဝ် ၜါလပါ် မၞုံကဵုတၞးညိည (Having leaf tissue taper down the petiole to a narrow base, always having some leaf material on each side of the petiole.)
	ကတောဝ် (auriculate)		တမ်တၞး (leaf base)	မၞုံကဵု ကတောဝ် ၜါလပါ် ပ္ဍဲဒၞာဲမကြပ် ကုတဝ် (ဟွံ) တမ် (တန်တဴကဵု ဒၞာဲလဵု တၞးမၞုံ) (Having ear-shaped appendages reaching beyond the attachment to the petiole or to the stem (in case of a seated leaf).)
	သက်သၟဟ်(asymmetrical)		အလုံမွဲတၞး (entire leaf)	ဗီုပြင်တၞး မွဲလပါ် ကု မွဲလပါ် ဟွံတုပ်သၟဟ် ရေင်သကအ် (With the blade shape different on each side of the midrib.)
	ဗတ (caudate )		ကၞောတ်တၞး (leaf tip)	မဂၠိင်တိတ် ဒၞာဲ ပ္ဍဲကၞောတ် ညံင်ကဵု ဗတ (Tailed at the apex.)
	ဟဒယ (cordate)	cordatus	အလုံမွဲတၞး(entire leaf)	မတုပ်ဗီုပြင် ကောန်တၟအ် ဟဒယ တဝ် (ဟွံ) တမ် နွံ ဒၞာဲသလံက် (Heart-shaped, with the petiole or stem attached to the notch.)
	cuneate	cuneatus	leaf base	Triangular, wedge-shaped, stem attaches to point.
	cuspidate		leaf tip	With a sharp, elongated, rigid tip; tipped with a cusp.
	deltoid or deltate	deltoideus	entire leaf	Shaped like Greek letter Delta, triangular, stem attaches to side.
	digitate	digitatus	entire leaf	With finger-like lobes, similar to palmate.
	elliptic	ellipticus	entire leaf	Oval, with a short or no point.
	ensiform	ensiformis	entire leaf	Shaped like a sword, long and narrow with a sharp pointed tip.
	emarginate		leaf tip	Slightly indented at the tip.
	falcate	falcatus	entire leaf	Sickle-shaped.
	fenestrate	fenestratus	surface features	Large openings through the leaf, see perforate. Sometimes use to describes leaf epidermal windows.
	filiform	filiformis	entire leaf	Thread- or filament-shaped.
	flabellate	flabellatus	entire leaf	Semi-circular, or fan-like.
	hastate	hastatus	entire leaf	Spear-shaped: Pointed, with barbs, shaped like a spear point, with flaring pointed lobes at the base.
	laciniate		entire leaf	Very deeply lobed, the lobes being very drawn out, often making the leaf look somewhat like a branch or a pitchfork.
	lanceolate	lanceolatus	entire leaf	Long, wider in the middle, shaped like a lance tip.
	laminar			Flat (like most leaves)
	linear	linearis	entire leaf	Long and very narrow like a blade of grass.
	lobed	lobatus	entire leaf	Being divided by clefts, may be pinnately lobed or palmately lobed.
	lorate	loratus	entire leaf	Having the form of a thong or strap.
	lyrate	lyratus	entire leaf	Shaped like a lyre, pinnately lobed leaf with an enlarged terminal lobe and smaller lateral lobes.
	mucronate		leaf tip	Ending abruptly in a small sharp point as a continuation of the midrib.
	multifid	multi + findere	entire leaf	Cleft into many parts or lobes.
	obcordate	obcordatus	entire leaf	Heart-shaped, stem attaches at the tapering end.
	oblanceolate	oblanceolatus	entire leaf	Much longer than wide and with the widest portion near the tip, reversed lanceolate.
	oblique		leaf base	Asymmetrical leaf base, with one side lower than the other
	oblong	oblongus	entire leaf	Having an elongated form with slightly parallel sides, roughly rectangular.
	obovate	obovatus	entire leaf	Teardrop-shaped, stem attaches to the tapering end; reversed ovate.
	obtrullate		entire leaf	Reversed trullate, the longer sides meet at the base rather than the apex.
	obtuse	obtusus	tip	Blunt, forming an angle > 90°.
	orbicular	orbicularis	entire leaf	Circular.
	ovate	ovatus	entire leaf	Oval, egg-shaped, with a tapering point and the widest portion near the petiole.
	palmate	palmatus	entire leaf	Palm-shaped, i.e., with lobes or leaflets stemming from the leaf base.
	palmately lobed	palmatus	entire leaf	Lobes spread radially from a point.
	palmatifid	palma + findere	entire leaf	Palm-shaped, having lobes with incisions that extend less than half-way toward the petiole.
	palmatipartite	palma + partiri	entire leaf	Having lobes with incisions that extend over half-way toward the petiole.
	palmatisect	palma + secare	entire leaf	Having lobes with incisions that extend almost up, but not quite to the petiole.
	pandurate		entire leaf	Fiddle-shaped; obovate with a constriction near the middle.
	pedate	pedatus	entire leaf	Palmate, with cleft lobes.
	peltate	peltatus	stem attachment	A round leaf where the petiole attaches near the center. An example would be a lotus leaf.
	perfoliate	perfoliatus	stem attachment	With the leaf blade surrounding the stem such that the stem appears to pass through the leaf.
	perforate	perforatus	leaf surface features	Many holes, or perforations on leaf surface. Compare with fenestrate.
	pinnately lobed	pinna + lobus	entire leaf	Having lobes pinnately arranged on the central axis.
	pinnatifid	pinna + findere	entire leaf	Having lobes with incisions that extend less than half-way toward the midrib.
	pinnatipartite	pinnatus + partiri	entire leaf	Having lobes with incisions that extend more than half-way toward the midrib.
	pinnatisect	pinnatus + sectus	entire leaf	Having lobes with incisions that extend almost, or up to midrib.
	plicate	plicatus	3-d shape	Folded into pleats, usually lengthwise, serving the function of stiffening a large leaf.
	reniform	reniformis	entire leaf	Shaped like a kidney: an oval with an inward curve on one side.
	retuse		leaf tip	With a shallow notch in a round apex.
	rhomboid or rhombic	rhomboidalis	entire leaf	Diamond-shaped.
	rounded	rotundifolius	leaf tip or base	Circular, no distinct point.
	semiterete		3-d shape	Rounded on one side, but flat on the other.
	sinuate		3-d shape	Circularly-lobed kind of leaves
	sagittate	sagittatus	entire leaf	Arrowhead-shaped with the lower lobes folded, or curled downward
	spatulate	spathulatus	entire leaf	Spoon-shaped; having a broad flat end which tapers to the base
	spear-shaped		entire leaf	see hastate.
	subobtuse	subobtusus	leaf tip or base	Somewhat blunted, neither blunt nor sharp
	subulate	subulatus	leaf tip	Awl-shaped with a tapering point
	terete		3-d shape	Circular in cross-section; more or less cylindrical without grooves or ridges.
	trullate		entire leaf	Shaped like a bricklayer's trowel
	truncate	truncatus	leaf tip or base	With a squared-off end
	undulate	undulatus	3-d shape	Wave-like
	unifoliate	unifoliatus	compound leaves	With a single leaflet. It is distinct from a simple leaf by the presence of two abcission layers and often by petiolules and stipels

Edge

Leaf margins (edges) are frequently used in visual plant identification because they are usually consistent within a species or group of species, and are an easy characteristic to observe. Edge and margin are interchangeable in the sense that they both refer to the outside perimeter of a leaf.

Image	Term	Latin adjective	Description
	entire	Forma integra	Even; with a smooth margin; without toothing
	ciliate	ciliatus	Fringed with hairs
	crenate	crenatus	Wavy-toothed; dentate with rounded teeth
crenulate	crenulate	Finely crenate
crisped	crispus	curly
	dentate	dentatus	Toothed. May be coarsely dentate, having large teeth, or glandular dentate, having teeth which bear glands
	denticulate	denticulatus	Finely toothed
	doubly serrate	duplicato-dentatus	Each tooth bearing smaller teeth
	serrate	serratus	Saw-toothed; with asymmetrical teeth pointing forward
	serrulate	serrulatus	Finely serrate
	sinuate	sinuosus	With deep, wave-like indentations; coarsely crenate
	lobate	lobatus	Indented, with the indentations not reaching the center
lobulate	lobulatus	With small lobes
	undulate	undulatus	With a wavy edge, shallower than sinuate
	spiny or pungent	spiculatus	With stiff, sharp points such as thistles

Leaf folding

Leaves may also be folded or rolled in various ways. The folding of leaves within a bud is vernation, ptyxis is the folding of an individual leaf in a bud.

Image	Term	Latin	Description
carinate or keeled	carinatus	with a longitudinal ridge
conduplicate		folded upwards, with the surfaces close to parallel
	cucullate	forming a hood, margins and tip curved downward
involute		rolled upwards (towards the adaxial surface)
	plicate	plicatus	with parallel folds
reduplicate		folded downwards, with the surfaces close to parallel
	revolute		rolled downwards (towards the abaxial surface)
supervolute		opposing left and right halves of lamina folded along longitudinal axis, with one half rolled completely within the other

Latin descriptions

The Latin word for 'leaf', folium, is neuter. In descriptions of a single leaf, the neuter singular ending of the adjective is used, e.g. folium lanceolatum 'lanceolate leaf', folium lineare 'linear leaf'. In descriptions of multiple leaves, the neuter plural is used, e.g. folia linearia 'linear leaves'. Descriptions commonly refer to the plant using the ablative singular or plural, e.g. foliis ovatis 'with ovate leaves'.

See also

• Glossary of botanical terms

• Cladophylls are leaf-like petioles

• Leaf size

• Sinus

• Leaflet (botany) and Rachis

• Petiole (botany) and Plant stem

• Phylloclades are flattened stems that resemble leaves

• Pinnation

• Plant morphology

• Taxonomy (biology)

External links

• The Description of Leaves, University of Rochester

• Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden

• Vplants Archived ၂၀၁၆-၀၂-၂၂ at the Wayback Machine

• Botany 115 Archived ၂၀၁၅-၁၂-၂၈ at the Wayback Machine

• The seed site