မာတိကာသို့ ခုန်သွားရန်

ပရေင်ပၞာန် ၁၀၂၇

နူ ဝဳကဳပဳဒဳယာ
Operation 1027
Part of the Myanmar civil war

Map as of 16 November 2023 ထာမ်ပလိက်:Leftlegend
Date27 October 2023 – present
(2 years, 6 months and 3 weeks)
Location
Shan State
Mandalay Region
Sagaing Region
China–Myanmar border
India–Myanmar border
Status Ongoing
Territorial
changes		 Anti-junta forces capture 9 towns[lower-alpha     ၁]
Belligerents

State Administration Council

 Three Brotherhood Alliance and other rebels
Commanders and leaders
Units involved

 ဒပ်ပၞာန်ဗၟာ

Three Brotherhood Alliance:

Other anti-junta forces:

Supported by:

Strength
Unknown 20,000[၈]
Casualties and losses
298 killed[၉][၁၀]
300+ captured		 Unknown
150 civilians killed[၁၁], 94 injured (as of November 20)
200,000 displaced[၁၂]

ပရေင်ပၞာန် ၁၀၂၇ (အၚ်္ဂလိက်: Operation 1027, ဗၟာ: ၁၀၂၇ စစ်ဆင်ရေး) ဂှ် ဒှ် ပရေင်ပၞာန် မကတဵုဒှ်ဒၟံင် ပ္ဍဲရးနိဂီုဗၟာ မစဗတိုက် နကဵု ဂကောံမဟာမိတ်ကောဒေအ်ပိ (Three Brotherhood Alliance) မကော်ဂး ဒပ်ပၞာန်ယခေင် (Arakan Army - AA) (ဒပ်ယခေင်)၊ ဒပ်ပၞာန်ဒဳမဝ်ကရေတ္တေစ် ကောန်ဂကူမျာန်မာ (Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army - MNDAA) (ဒပ်ကဝ်က) ကေုာံ ဒပ်ပၞာန်ဗၠးၜးကောန်ဂကူတအင် (Ta'ang National Liberation Army - TNLA) (ဒပ်တအင်) တအ်ရ။[၁၃][၁၄]

ဒပ်မဟာမိတ်ဂှ် ပ္ဍဲမွဲအခိင်ဓဝ် လုပ်ဗတိုက် ဒပ်ပၞာန်ဗၟာ၊ ရုပ်ဗၠာဲသၟိင်ဗၟာ ကေုာံ ရုင်အလဵုအသဳဗၟာ မနွံ ပ္ဍဲဒေသသၟဝ်ကျာ တွဵုရးသေံဇၞော် ပွိုင်ဍုင် ကောတ်ခါင် (Kutkai)၊ ကျောက်မေဝ် (Kyaukme)၊ မူသေဝ် (Muse)၊ ဏာမ်ခါမ် (Namhkam)၊ နောင်ချဝ် (Nawnghkio)၊ လာရှဝ် (Lashio) ကေုာံ ချေန်ယှိုယ်ဟဝ် (Chinshwehaw) တအ်ရ။[၁၅][၁၆] ကြဴနူဂှ် ဂကောံပၠန်ဂတးတအ်ဂှ် ဆက်သၠဲပ္တိတ် ထဍိုက်ပၞာန် မ္ၚး တွဵုရးသေံဇၞော် ဇရေင် ရးဇၞော်သကာင် (Sagaing Region)၊ တွဵုရးသေံသၠုင်ကျာ ဍုင်မဝ်ဂုက် (Mogok)၊ ရးဇၞော် မာန္တလေ ပွိုင်ဍုင်ထဳချာင် (Htigyaing)တုဲ သီဂွံအာ ဍုင်ကဝ်လေန် (Kawlin)ရ။[၁၇][၁၈][၁၉] နူ စဗတိုက် စဵုကဵု စိုပ် ဂိတုနဝ်ဝေမ္ဗာ ၁၁ ၂၀၂၃ ဂှ် ဒပ်မဟာမိတ်ဂှ် သီဂွံ ဗဒိုပ် ကေုာံ ရုင်ပၞာန်ဗၟာ ၁၆၈ ဒၞာဲရ။[၂၀] ပ္ဍဲကဵု ပရေင်ပၞာန်ဏအ်ဂှ် ဒပ်ပၞာန်ဒစဵုဒစး အလဵုအသဳပၞာန်ဗၟာ ဗီုကဵု ဒပ်ဒစဵုဒနာညးဍုင်ကွာန် ပဳဒဳအေပ် တအ်လေဝ် ပါလုပ် ပံင်တောဲလဝ် နွံကီုရ။

နူစ နဝ်ဝေမ္ဗာ ၇ ဂှ် ဂကောံလွပ်လွဟ်ဂမၠိုင် မနွံ ပ္ဍဲတွဵုရးကရေင်ဍာဲ တအ်လေဝ် နကဵု မထံက်ဂလာန် ပါလုပ် ပ္ဍဲပရေင်ပၞာန်ဏအ်တုဲ လလောင်တြး ပရေင်ပၞာန် ၁၁၀၇ ကီုရ။[၂၁]

တင်ရန်တၟအ်

[ပလေဝ်ဒါန် | ပလေဝ်ဒါန် တမ်ကၞက်]

ဒပ်မဟာမိတ်ကောဒေအ်ပိဂှ် ပ္တိတ် လိက်လလောင်တရးအပံင်တွောဲ နဒဒှ် လလောင်တြး သွက်ဂွံစ ပရေင်ပၞာန် ၁၀၂၇ ပ္ဍဲ ဂိတုအံက်တဝ်ဗာ ၂၇၊ ၂၀၂၃ ရ။ ဒပ်မဟာမိတ်ဂှ် နွံဒြဟတ် ကောန်ပၞာန် ၜိုတ် ၁၅,၀၀၀။[၂၂] ပ္ဍဲ လိက်လလောင်တရးဂှ် ဗၟံက်ထ္ၜးလဝ် တင်ရန်တၟအ် အဓိက ပရေင်ပၞာန်ဂှ် အတိုင်ဗွဲသၟဝ်ဝွံရ။

  • တၞဟ်န မဂွံစဵုဒၞာ လမျီု၊ သ္ၚိဌာန် ကေုာံ ပိုန်ဒြပ် ညးဍုင်ကွာန် မာန် (ပြည်သူလူထု၏ အသက်၊ အိုးအိမ်၊ စည်းစိမ်များကို ကာကွယ်နိုင်ရေး)။
  • တၞဟ်န မဂွံစဵုဒၞာဇကုဇကု မာန် (မိမိကိုယ်မိမိ ခုခံကာကွယ်နိုင်ရေး)။
  • တၞဟ်န မဂွံဆက်ထိင်ဒဝ် တိဍာ်ဇကု ဂၠိုင်နူ လၟုဟ် မာန် (မိမိတို့ ဒေသကို မိမိတို့ ယခုထက် ပိုမိုထိန်းချုပ်နိုင်ရေး)။
  • တၞဟ်န မဂွံစဵုဒၞာ လတူ ကံင်သဳပၞာန် အခိင်ဟွံရုဲ မကၠုင်ပန်ဒၟံင် နကဵုက္ၜင်ကျာ၊ လွဟ်ဇၞော် ပ္ဍဲဒေသဇကု မာန် (မိမိတို့အဖွဲ့အစည်းများအပေါ် စစ်ကောင်စီမှ လေကြောင်း၊ လက်နက်ကြီးများဖြင့် နေ့၊ ည အချိန်မရွေး ပစ်ခတ်တိုက်ခိုက်နေမှုများအပေါ် ဟန့်တားမှု ရရှိနိုင်ရေး)။
  • တၞဟ်န မဂွံပဠက်ဗပိုတ်ရိုဟ်ကၞက် သၞောတ်တၠအဝဵု မဒှ်ကမၠောန် ကောန်ဍုင်ဗၟာတအ် သီုဖအိုတ် မနွံပၟိက် (မြန်မာပြည်သူတစ်ရပ်လုံး၏ လိုလားချက်ဖြစ်သော စစ်အာဏာရှင်စနစ် အမြစ်ပြတ်ရေး)။
  • တၞဟ်န မဂွံဖအိုတ်ကၠေအ် ကမၠောန်ဝေင်ဇျင်အန်လာင်အလီ မကတဵုဒှ်ဒၟံင် ပ္ဍဲမွဲဒမြိပ် ပယျဵုအကြာ ရးနိဂီုဗၟာ-ကြုက် ကေုာံ ဗတိုက်သရိုဟ် ကမၠောန်ဝေင်ဂါမ်အန်လာင် (ကျဖျင်) မကၠောန်ဒၟံင် နကဵု ကံင်သဳပၞာန် ကေုာံ ဂကောံပျဳသူသေတ်ဗၟာ တအ်ရ။[၂၃][၂၄]

နကဵု လညာတ် မာတ္တေဝ် အာနောလ်ဒ် (Matthew Arnold) ညးမသ္ၚေဝ်ဂၠေပ် ပရေင်ဍုင်ကွာန်ဗၟာ မ္ဂး ပရေင်ပၞာန်ဏအ်ဂှ် ဒှ်ဗျူဟာ ဂကောံလွပ်လွဟ်ကောန်ဍုင်အရင်ဂမၠိုင် မကော်ဂး EAOs တအ်တုဲ သွက်ဂွံဝေင်ပၞာန် ကုအလဵုအသဳပၞာန်ဗၟာ။ ရံင်ကဵု တၠအဝဵုပၞာန်ဗၟာ မဒးဆောမ်လေင် ဒၞာဲ ပ္ဍဲဒေသသၟဝ်ကျာ တွဵုရးသေံဇၞော် ကေုာံ ဒေသတအ်ဂှ် ဒှ်အရာ မထ္ၜးဒၟံင် ဒဒှ်ရ ဒြဟတ်ပၞာန်် ဂကူဒြဟတ်ဇၞော်အိုတ် ဗၟာ ကဵု ကောန်ဍုင်အရင်တအ်တုဲ ဒြဟတ်ပၞာန်ဗၟာ ဍိုန်စှ်ေဒၟံင်ရ။ [၂၅]

လၟေင်အခိင်

[ပလေဝ်ဒါန် | ပလေဝ်ဒါန် တမ်ကၞက်]

အံက်တဝ်ဗာ

[ပလေဝ်ဒါန် | ပလေဝ်ဒါန် တမ်ကၞက်]

၂၇ အံက်တဝ်ဗာ

[ပလေဝ်ဒါန် | ပလေဝ်ဒါန် တမ်ကၞက်]

အခိင် နူဂယး ၄း၀၀ ဒပ်ကဝ်က လုပ်ဗတိုက် ဗဒိုပ်ပၞာန်ဗၟာ မနွံ ပ္ဍဲ ကဝ်က (Kokang) တုဲ ပ္တိုန်ထ္ၜးလဝ် ဒဒှ်ရ ကောန်ပၞာန်ဗၟာလ္ၚဵု ချိုတ်၊ ကောန်ပၞာန်ဗၟာ ကေုာံ လွဟ်ဗွဲမဂၠိုင် သီဂွံ[၂၆] ပရိုင်တိတ်ကၠုင် ဒဒှ်ရ ဒပ်တအင် သီကေတ် ဗဒိုပ်ပၞာန်ဗၟာ ၁၃ မာင် (13 Mile Camp) ကဵု ဗဒိုပ်မိက္ကြောဝေပ် (Microweave Camp) မနွံ ပ္ဍဲကဵု ဂၠံင်ဇၞော်ဏာမ်ခါမ်-ဏာမ်ဖါတ် ပ္ဍဲ ပွိုင်ဍုင်ဏာမ်ခါမ်။[၂၇] ဒပ်ကဝ်က လလောင်တြး ဒဒှ်ရ ဒပ်ညးတအ် သီဂွံ ဍုင်ချေန်ယှိုယ်ဟဝ် တုဲ ဂၠံင်ဇၞော် လာရှဝ်-မူသေဝ်ဂှ် ကၟာတ်ထောအ်လဝ်ရ။[၂၈]

နကဵု ဒပ်အလဵုအသဳ ကလေင်ပၠန် နကဵု မအာဗတိုက် နကဵု က္ၜင်ကျာ ကေုာံ အမၠံက်ဇၞော်။[၂၉] ညးမနွံအခေါင်ဟီု ကံင်သဳပၞာန် ဂဥုပ်ဗိုလ် ဇြဝ်မေန်ထောန် ပဒတန် ပ္ဍဲကဵု လံက်ကာင်၊ ချေန်ယှိုယ်ဟဝ်၊ လာရှဝ် ကဵု သန္နဳ တအ်ဂှ် ပေါဲဗတိုက် က္တဵုဒှ်တုဲ ဒပ်ဂီုကၠီုဗၠာဲသၟိင် ကဵု ဗဒိုပ်ပၞာန်ညးဍုင်ကွာန်တအ် လီုလာ်အာ။[၃၀] တုဲပၠန် ညးသီုဟီု ဒဒှ်ရ ကောန်သ္ဂံင်လ္ၚဵုတအ် ပြဟ်လလုဲအာနွံ၊ ဆဂး လၟိဟ်ဂလိုင်လဵု ဟွံဟီုပ္တိတ်လဝ်။ အတိုင်ပရိုင် Al Jazeera ကေုာံ ပရိုင်ဂျာမနဳ Deutsch Press-Agentur မ္ဂး ပ္ဍဲကဵု ချေန်ယှိုဲဟဝ်ဂှ် ကောန်ပၞာန်ဗၟာ ချိုတ်အာ ၜိုတ် ၂၀ ရ။[၁၆] အတိုင် ဗၠာဲသၟိင်မွဲတၠ နူကဵု ရုင်ဗၠာဲသၟိင် လံက်ကာင် မလဴထ္ၜးမ္ဂး ဗၠာဲသၟိင် ချိုတ်အာ ၁၇ တၠ ပ္ဍဲအခိင် ဒပ်ကဝ်က မလုပ်ဗတိုက် ဗဒိုပ်ကင်ဂမၠိုင်ရ။[၂၄] ပ္ဍဲကဵု ပရေင်ပၞာန် ဒပ်မဟာမိတ်ပိဏအ်ဂှ် ဒပ်ပၞာန်ဗၠးၜးကောန်ဂကူဗၟာ (Bamar People's Liberation Army - BPLA) လေပ် ပါလုပ်ကီုရ။[၃၁]

ဒပ်ယခေင် လုပ်ဗတိုက် ဒပ်ကင်ပၞာန်ဗၟာ မနွံ ပ္ဍဲ ဂၠံင်တောင်တာ-မျေန်ချာန် ပွိုင်ဍုင်တောင်တာ မဒှ်ပွိုင်ဍုင်ပယျဵု အကြာတွဵုရးသေံ ကဵု ရးသကာင်ရ။ ဒပ်ယခေင် ဟီု ဒပ်ညးတအ် ဒှ် ပေါဲဗတိုက် ကုဒပ်ပၞာန်ဗၟာ ပ္ဍဲကဵု ဒဵုမဝ်ဂေါန်ဂှ် ကောန်ပၞာန် ချိုတ် ဗွဲမဂၠိုင်။[၃၂][၁၇]

ဂကောံလွပ်လွဟ် ဒစိတ် ပံင်ကောံတုဲ လုပ်ဗတိုက် ဒပ်ကင်ပၞာန်ဗၟာ မနွံ ပ္ဍဲ ဂၠံင်တောင်သာ-မျေန်ချာန် ပွိုင်ဍုင်တောင်တာဂှ် နကဵု ဂကောံလွပ်လွဟ်တအ် စကာဒြောန်တုဲ ထောအ်ဖျေဟ်ဗုမ်ဂှ် ကောန်ပၞာန်ဗၟာ ချိုတ်အာ ၜိုတ် ၂၀ ရ။[၉][၁၈]

က္ၜင်ကျာပၞာန်ဗၟာ ကၠုင်ပန် ပ္ဍဲကွာန်ဏာမ်ပခ ပ္ဍဲပွိုင်ဍုင်ကောတ်ခါင်ဂှ် ကောန်င္ၚာ်မွဲ ကဵု ညးဗြဴမွဲ ချိုတ်အာတုဲ အောန်အိုတ် မၞိဟ်မသုန်တၠ ဒးအာဝပ်ရ။[၂၇]

၂၈ အံက်တဝ်ဗာ

[ပလေဝ်ဒါန် | ပလေဝ်ဒါန် တမ်ကၞက်]

အတိုင် တင်ဂၞင် နူကဵု ဒပ်ကဝ်ကမ္ဂး နကဵု ဒပ်ညးတအ် ကြတ်ဗတိုက် ဒပ်ပၞာန်ဗၟာ မတိတ် နူဟဝ်ပုမ်၊ တုဲပၠန် ဗဒိုပ်ပၞာန်ဗၟာပိ (ၜါဂှ် နွံ ဗဒါဲပယျဵု ကြုက်-ဗၟာ) မနွံ ဗဒါဲ ဍုင်မုန်ကဝ်ဂှ်လေဝ် သီဂွံအာကီုရ။ တုဲပၠန် ညးတအ်ဟီု ဒပ်ပၞာန် မပလံင်နင် နကဵုက္ၜင်ကျာ ဗဒါဲ ဍုင်ချေန်ယှိုဲဟဝ်ဂှ်လေဝ် ဗတိုက်မာန်အာကီုတုဲ လွဟ်ဗွဲမဂၠိုင်လေဝ် သီဂွံအာကီုရ။[၉] ဒပ်တအင် ဟီု ညးတအ် သီဂွံအာ ဗဒိုပ်ပၞာန်ဗၟာပိ ပ္ဍဲ ပွိုင်ဍုင်ဏာမ်ခါမ် ကေုာံ ဗဒိုပ်ဗၟာၜါ ပ္ဍဲ ဒေသလာရှဝ်။ ကိစ္စ မဒးသီဏာလဝ်ဏအ်ဂှ် နူကဵု ညးမနွံအခေါင်ဟီု အလဵုအသဳပၞာန်လေဝ် ပဒတန်တုဲ ဟီုပ္တိတ်လဝ်တုဲ ဒဒှ်ရ ညးနွံပၟိက် ပရေင်ဂီုကၠီုဒေသရ။[၃၃]

ပ္ဍဲ တ္ၚဲအံက်တဝ်ဗာ ၂၇ ကဵု ၂၈ ဂှ် ဟိုတ်နူပေါဲဗတိုက်တအ်တုဲ ကောန်ဍုင်ကွာန် နူဒေသ လာရှိ ၜိုတ် ၆၀၀ ဂှ် ဒးဒြေပ်ဒဴ နူသ္ၚိဌာန်ဇကုတုဲ ဒှ်ညးလဒဴပၞာန်အိုတ်ရ။[၃၄] လတူဂၠံင် မာန္တလေ-လာရှဝ်ဂှ် နူတ္ၚဲ ၂၇ ဂှ် ၜိုန်ရ ဒှ်လဝ် ပေါဲဗတိုက်ကီုလေဝ် ၂၈ ဂှ် ကလေင်စိုပ်အာ ဗီုဓမ္မတာပၠန်ရ။ ပ္ဍဲ ကျောက်မေဝ်၊ သိန္နဳ ကဵု ကောတ်ခါင်ဂှ် ပေါဲဗတိုက် ဆက်က္တဵုဒှ်ဒၟံင်ရ။[၃၅]

၂၉ အံက်တဝ်ဗာ

[ပလေဝ်ဒါန် | ပလေဝ်ဒါန် တမ်ကၞက်]

ပေါဲဗတိုက် ပ္ဍဲပွိုင်ဍုင်ထဳချာင်ဂှ် ဆက်ကတဵုဒှ်ဒၟံင်တုဲ နကဵု အလဵုအသဳပၞာန်ဗၟာ ဗလးဏာ က္ၜင်ကျာပၞာန်။[၃၂]

ဒပ်တအင် ကဵု ဒပ်ပဳဒဳအေပ် (မာန္တလေ) လုပ်ဗတိုက် ဗဒိုပ်ပၞာန်ဗၟာ မနွံ ပ္ဍဲ ကွာန်ကျောက်ကျာန်၊ မဒှ် ကွာန်ခြာကဵု ဍုင်နောင်ချဝ် ပိတိုင်ရ။ ကောန်ပၞာန် နူကဵု ဗဒိုပ်ဂှ် ဆုတ်တိတ်တုဲ ပြံင်အာ ဗဒိုပ်အမၠံက် မနွံ ပ္ဍဲဂၠံင် နောင်ချဝ်-ယျာတ်သောက်။ ပ္ဍဲကဵု အခိင်တုပ်တုပ်ဂှ် ပေါဲဗတိုက် က္တဵုဒှ် ပ္ဍဲဗဒါဲ ဒဒန်ဂုတ်ထိတ် မနွံ လတူ ဂၠံင်နောင်ချဝ်-ကျောက်မေဝ်တုဲ ဂၠံင်ဇၞော်မာန္တလေ-မူသေဝ် ဒးကၟာတ်ထောအ်ရ။[၃၆] ဒပ်တအင်တၞဟ် ကဵု ပဳဒဳအေပ်တအ် ပံင်တောဲတုဲ လုပ်ဗတိုက် ဗဒိုပ်ပၞာန်ဗၟာ မနွံ ဗဒါဲ ကွာန်ညောင်ကုန်လတူ ပ္ဍဲ ပွိုင်ဍုင်မဝ်ကုတ် ရ။[၉]

30 October

[ပလေဝ်ဒါန် | ပလေဝ်ဒါန် တမ်ကၞက်]

Five clashes continued through northern Shan State within an outpost in Hsenwi Township and the Alliance destroyed the Hsenwi General Administration Department office. The Brotherhood alliance further claimed to have captured the junta forces in Mongli village, Hsenwi Township, and to have surrounded Nawnghkio Township. By the end of 30 October, the Brotherhood Alliance claimed to have captured a total of 67 army outposts and taken 34 junta personnel as prisoners.[၃၂] The rebel forces were also able to capture Ukrainian-made armored vehicles from the Junta. [၃၇] TNLA and MDY-PDF were also able to capture the areas around the town of Nawnghkio and goute htate bridge. [၃၈]

A spokesperson for the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) stated that the group was collaborating with the Brotherhood Alliance as part of the operation, and reaffirmed their shared goal of toppling the military junta.[၁၇] The Alliance also announced that they were cooperating with the KIA in the battles in Sagaing.[၁၈]

31 October

[ပလေဝ်ဒါန် | ပလေဝ်ဒါန် တမ်ကၞက်]

At around 5 am, joint KIA and AA forces attacked Maliyan camp near the ထာမ်ပလိက်:Ill junta base on the Myitkyina-Bhamo road in Waingmaw Township. The battle involved airstrikes from the Myanmar Air Force which reportedly destroyed six houses after attacks aimed towards Aungja. By 8 am, the junta had lost control of the camp and the joint forces moved in on Kantawyang base- capturing the base from a retreating Junta force. Heavy weapon firing and aerial attacks continued in the area- including strikes targeted towards Laiza, the headquarters of the KIA.[၃၉] During the attack, the commander of the junta's 387th battalion was killed.[၄၀] The 71st Infantry Battalion under the junta's command arrested around 20 refugees to use them as human shields and reportly mutilated 7 of them brutally in Tabayin. [၄၁]

November

[ပလေဝ်ဒါန် | ပလေဝ်ဒါန် တမ်ကၞက်]

1 November

[ပလေဝ်ဒါန် | ပလေဝ်ဒါန် တမ်ကၞက်]

On the 1st of November, the Junta arrested around 200 foreign workers to use them as human shields at the front line of Laukkai. [၄၂]

A SAC convoy advances on Nawnghkio (30 October 2023)

2 November

[ပလေဝ်ဒါန် | ပလေဝ်ဒါန် တမ်ကၞက်]

By 2 November, 92 junta bases and four towns had been captured by the Brotherhood Alliance and allies.[၄၃] It was also reported that 14 civilians had been killed by junta shelling and airstrikes since the start of the operation.[၄၃] The Alliance claimed to be in "complete control" of both Chinshwehaw and Hsenwi.[၄၄] The Three Brotherhood Alliance also imposed a siege on Nawngkhio, blocking junta troops from all of northern Shan.[၈] Peng Hseng, a border town east of Muse, also came under alliance control.[၄၅]

3 November

[ပလေဝ်ဒါန် | ပလေဝ်ဒါန် တမ်ကၞက်]

Rebel forces occupied Kawlin's police station on 3 November after simultaneous attacks on at least 10 junta positions in eight townships across Sagaing and Magwe regions as part of the operation. The NUG Ministry of Defense said that at least six junta camps and police stations had been seized by rebel forces in northern Sagaing in Kawlin, Kantbalu, Kyunhla, Wuntho, Kalewa, Kale, Homalin and Tamu townships.[၄၆]

4 November

[ပလေဝ်ဒါန် | ပလေဝ်ဒါန် တမ်ကၞက်]

By 4 November, 106 junta bases and four towns has been captured by the anti-junta alliance in the states of Shan and Kachin.[၄၇] Myanmar's junta launched several airstrikes in Kawlin, Sagaing Region, as rebel forces attacked regime strongholds, according to residents.[၄၆] The KIA, AA and ABSDF are fighting alongside PDF and LPDF forces in the Sagaing-Magway front as part of the operation.[၄၈]

During the conflict, a shell landed on the Chinese border, causing the death of one Chinese citizen and multiple injuries.[၄၉]

6 November

[ပလေဝ်ဒါန် | ပလေဝ်ဒါန် တမ်ကၞက်]

After assaulting Kawlin for three days, KIA, AA and PDF combined forces were finally able to capture the town.[၁၉][၅၀] Namhkam was also taken by the TNLA. Only one junta base remains on a hill about two miles from the town.[၂] AA and MNDAA forces were also able to seize Panlong base in Kunlong Township. Colonel Aung Kyaw Lwin, commander of the 99th Infantry Division, was killed in the battle.[၅၁] It's also reported that the Junta launched daily artillery strikes and air strikes on the city of Laiza as retaliation for its massive losses. [၅၂]

It was reported that more than 20 civilians, including 3 children, had been killed by junta airstrikes and shelling since the beginning of the operation.[၅၃]

7 November

[ပလေဝ်ဒါန် | ပလေဝ်ဒါန် တမ်ကၞက်]

The town of Khampat in Sagaing Region was taken by the PDF. The battle for the town started on 4 November. In three days, all the police stations and military camps were captured by the rebel forces. The town came under the complete control of the PDF forces on the morning of 7 November. KIA and Chin National Defense Force (CNDF) forces also participated in the assault.[၅၄] The city of Mong Ko along the China-Myanmar border was captured by the MNDAA.[၅၅] Mongko base, one of the most important bases in Northern Shan State, was also captured by the MNDAA. They captured ammunition and other military equipment, including an armored car.[၅၆] Three junta bases in Maesae Township, Kayah State were also captured by KNDF as a part of the Operation 1107.[၅၇] It was the first skirmish to happen in the region since the start of the operation.

8 November

[ပလေဝ်ဒါန် | ပလေဝ်ဒါန် တမ်ကၞက်]

Junta chief Min Aung Hlaing reportedly called up all military reservists to prepare for military operations after the high losses experienced in the fighting.[၅၈] Military doctors still studying for degrees have also been called to front-line combat.[၅၉] The TNLA gained control of the last remaining Tatmadaw base in Namhkam, killing 13 junta soldiers while capturing 3 others as well as 30 pieces of ammunition.[၆၀]

9 November

[ပလေဝ်ဒါန် | ပလေဝ်ဒါန် တမ်ကၞက်]

The junta lost control of the city of Kunlong.[၆၁] Junta forces attacked a camp manned by TNLA and MDY-PDF forces near Ommkha village near Nawnghkio with three armored cars. One of the armored cars was destroyed and captured by TNLA/MDY-PDF forces and the two remaining armored cars retreated. The KIA also captured three military bases in Hpakant Township. In Kalewa, the PDF engaged the junta in a battle in which 10 Tatmadaw soldiers were killed, and 50 weapons were seized by the rebels.[၆၂] The same day, the Junta summoned all its reserves into action. [၆၃]

10 November

[ပလေဝ်ဒါန် | ပလေဝ်ဒါန် တမ်ကၞက်]

A junta group consisting of about 200 combatants were attacked on their way to Kawlin by local PDF forces. The battle lasted for about three hours. The PDF claimed that they had seized about 50 firearms.[၆၄] The MNDAA skirmished with junta forces in Kunlong. A combined force of the PDF, KIA, AA, and ABSDF continued to assault Htigyaing. The junta forces received support from aircraft bombing the town.[၆၅]

11 November

[ပလေဝ်ဒါန် | ပလေဝ်ဒါန် တမ်ကၞက်]

The MNDAA bombarded the headquarters of North Eastern Command and the central police station in Lashio with artillery.

It was reported that more than 300 junta soldiers and allied junta-aligned militia members had surrendered to rebel forces since the beginning of the operation.[၆၆]

12 November

[ပလေဝ်ဒါန် | ပလေဝ်ဒါန် တမ်ကၞက်]

The TNLA attacked a Kyinti military base on a bridge near Hsipaw in the morning and had completely captured it by 5:30 AM.[၆၇] Military bases on the western bank of the Salween River in Kunlong were taken by the MNDAA and both sides of the town came under its control. Equipment seized by the group included two D-30 howitzers, one 122mm MAM-01 MRLS, one 240mm MAM-02 MRLS, one BTR-3U armoured vehicle, one EE-9 armoured vehicle, one MT-LB armoured vehicle and several mortars.[၆၈][၆၉] The military regime imposed martial law in Kunlong, Kutkai, Muse, Namhkan, Hsenwi, Lashio,[၇၀] Laukkai and Konkyan.[၇၁]

13 November

[ပလေဝ်ဒါန် | ပလေဝ်ဒါန် တမ်ကၞက်]

China issued arrest warrants for junta-aligned Ming Xuechang and three other Ming family members for their involvement in online scamming operations.[၇၂] According to The Diplomat, this move signals China's "tacit support for the removal of the Kokang SAZ's leadership".[၇] The MNDAA again, was able to capture more Ukaranian-made armored vehicles. [၇၃]

The mansion of the Ming family located in Shiyuanzi Village, Kokang SAZ, was bombed out. The MNDAA have denied responsibility.[၇၄]

The first fighting in Rakhine since the operation began took place in Rathedaung and Minbya townships. The AA reported that it had seized outposts and arrested some officers.[၇၅]

14 November

[ပလေဝ်ဒါန် | ပလေဝ်ဒါန် တမ်ကၞက်]

43 Myanmar Army soldiers attempted to flee across the border into the Indian state of Mizoram. Most of them were disarmed by the Assam Rifles and sent back to Myanmar.[၃၃][၇၆] According to reports from the MNDAA, the MNDAA began to attack the Myanmar army positions stationed in Mawhtike, capturing two posts and killing 20 Myanmar soldiers.[၇၇]

15 November

[ပလေဝ်ဒါန် | ပလေဝ်ဒါန် တမ်ကၞက်]

Rebel forces reported that an entire battalion of army forces surrendered to them in Shan State. The surrender of more than 200 soldiers and family members would mark the largest such surrender since the conflict escalated after the 2021 coup.[၇၈] The Junta used air-strikes against the refugees in Loikaw.[၇၉]

The State Administration Council further announced that junta-alligned Kokang SAZ chairman Myint Swe would be temporarily replaced by Brigadier General Tun Tun Myint. Tun Tun Myint was previously the commander in charge of northern Shan State operations. The move is understood to be in anticipation of Operation 1027 moving towards Laukkai.[၃]

The 6th light infantry battalion and 425th light infantry battalion of the Junta's 66th light infantry division fighting in Loikaw University were completely annihalitated with the battalion commander and the second in command killed in both battalions despite the use of excessive air support and artillery support. The remaining 38 soldiers under the command of captain Kaung Myat Ko who happened to be the only officer left, surrendered to the KNDF .[၈၀]

16 November

[ပလေဝ်ဒါန် | ပလေဝ်ဒါန် တမ်ကၞက်]

Cybercrime ringleader Ming Xuechang and his family were arrested by Myanmar junta authorities and handed over to China. Ming Xuechang died in police custody, and the Consulate General of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar in Kunming claims that Ming Guochang died of suicide.[၈၁][၈၂] Ming Julan was later found by rebel forces and was handed over as well.[၈၃][၈၄]ထာမ်ပလိက်:Additional citation needed

The AA seized Pauktaw in Rakhine State, prompting Myanmar's military to launch air strikes and naval attacks on the town.[၈၅]

17 November

[ပလေဝ်ဒါန် | ပလေဝ်ဒါန် တမ်ကၞက်]

Bai Xuoqian, former deputy commander of the MNDAA and former head of the Kokang SAZ, was stopped by the Myanmar Army when he tried to leave Kokang.[၈၆]

18 November

[ပလေဝ်ဒါန် | ပလေဝ်ဒါန် တမ်ကၞက်]

The military launched a successful offensive to retake their Sakhan Thit Kone base in Namkham Township, which had been captured by the TNLA the previous day. The TNLA accused the junta of using prohibited chemical weapons during their offensive by dropping bombs which caused "dizziness, breathlessness, nausea, extreme agitation, fatigue, and low blood oxygen" among its troops.[၈၇]

20 November

[ပလေဝ်ဒါန် | ပလေဝ်ဒါန် တမ်ကၞက်]

Supporters of the junta staged a protest in Yangon outside City Hall and the Chinese embassy, accusing China of aiding the Brotherhood Alliance and the PDF in their fight against the military regime.[၈၈] China was also accused by the pro-regime protestors, who are members of the Patriotic Monks Union and the Myanmar Nationalist Organization, of purchasing rare earth elements from the KIA for cheap prices.

24 November

[ပလေဝ်ဒါန် | ပလေဝ်ဒါန် တမ်ကၞက်]

TNLA retakes their Mine Kyat base in Lashio Township after a 28-day battle and seized heavy equipment like howitzers from the junta after capturing the base. They had previously abandoned it after junta airstrikes.[၈၉]

နိဿဲ

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ထာမ်ပလိက်:Reflist

  1. ↑ Chinshwehaw, Pang Hseng, Hsenwi, Rikhawdar,[၁] Namhkam,[၂] Kawlin, Kunlong, Mong Ko, Khampat and Pauktaw.
  2. ↑ China supports the rebels in their sweeping crackdown on online scams[၆] and took a hands-off approach to the offensives launched by the Three Brotherhood Alliance.[၇]
နိဿဲ ဗၠေတ် - <ref> tags exist for a group named "lower-alpha    ", but no corresponding <references group="lower-alpha    "/> tag was found
  1. ↑ Nine Towns Occupied by Myanmar Military for Decades Lost to Resistance in Days (15 November 2023).
  2. 1 2 ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
  3. 1 2 ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
  4. ↑ "Northern offensive brings 'new energy' to Myanmar's anti-coup resistance" (in en)၊ Al Jazeera၊ 3 November 2023။
  5. ↑
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    {{cite news |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |title= |trans-title= |url= |url-status= |language= |work= |location= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |quote=}}
    Full parameter set in horizontal format
    {{cite news |last1= |first1= |author-link1= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |last3= |first3= |author-link3= |last4= |first4= |author-link4= |last5= |first5= |author-link5= |display-authors= |author-mask= |name-list-style= |date= |year= |orig-date= |title= |script-title= |trans-title= |url= |url-status= |format= |editor1-last= |editor1-first= |editor1-link= |editor2-last= |editor2-first= |editor2-link= |editor3-last= |editor3-first= |editor3-link= |editor4-last= |editor4-first= |editor4-link= |editor5-last= |editor5-first= |editor5-link= |display-editors= |department= |work= |type= |series= |language= |volume= |issue= |others= |edition= |location= |publisher= |publication-date= |agency= |page= |pages= |at= |no-pp= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |url-access= |quote= |postscript= |ref=}}
    Lua ဗၠေတ်: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/usage vertical common" does not exist.
    To cite a news article with a credited author
    {{cite news
| last         = 
| first        = 
| date         = 
| title        = 
| url          = 
| work         = 
| location     = 
| access-date  = 
}}
    To cite a news article with no credited author
    {{cite news
| author       =<!--not stated-->
| title        = 
| url          = 
| work         = 
| location     = 
| date         = 
| access-date  =
}}
    To cite an online news article that has been archived
    {{cite news
| last         = 
| first        = 
| date         = 
| title        = 
| url          = 
| url-status   = 
| work         = 
| location     = 
| archive-url  = 
| archive-date = 
| access-date  = 
}}
    To cite a news article written in a foreign language
    {{cite news
| last         = 
| first        = 
| date         = 
| title        = 
| trans-title  = 
| url          = 
| language     = 
| work         = 
| location     = 
| access-date  = 
}}
    To cite and quote a clipped and archived news article on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription
    {{cite news
| last1        = 
| first1       = 
| last2        = 
| first2       = 
| date         = 
| title        = 
| trans-title  = 
| url          = 
| url-status   = 
| format       = 
| language     = 
| work    = 
| location     = 
| archive-url  = 
| archive-date = 
| access-date  = 
| via          = 
| url-access   = 
| quote        = 
}}
    |}
    Full parameter set in vertical format
    Vertical listPrerequisitesBrief instructions / notes
    {{cite news
| last1                 = 
| first1                = 
| author-link1          = 
| last2                 = 
| first2                = 
| author-link2          = 
| last3                 = 
| first3                = 
| author-link3          = 
| last4                 = 
| first4                = 
| author-link4          = 
| last5                 = 
| first5                = 
| author-link5          = 
| display-authors       = 
| author-mask           = 
| name-list-style       = 
| date                  = 
| year                  = 
| orig-date             =
| title                 = 
| script-title          = 
| trans-title           = 
| url                   = 
| url-status            = 
| format                = 
| editor1-last          = 
| editor1-first         = 
| editor1-link          = 
| editor2-last          = 
| editor2-first         = 
| editor2-link          = 
| editor3-last          = 
| editor3-first         = 
| editor3-link          = 
| editor4-last          = 
| editor4-first         = 
| editor4-link          = 
| editor5-last          = 
| editor5-first         = 
| editor5-link          = 
| display-editors       = 
| department            = 
| work                  = 
| type                  = 
| series                = 
| language              = 
| volume                = 
| issue                 = 
| others                = 
| edition               = 
| location              = 
| publisher             = 
| publication-date      = 
| agency                = 
| page                  = 
| pages                 = 
| at                    = 
| no-pp                 = 
| arxiv                 = 
| asin                  = 
| bibcode               = 
| doi                   = 
| doi-broken-date       = 
| isbn                  = 
| issn                  = 
| jfm                   = 
| jstor                 = 
| lccn                  = 
| mr                    = 
| oclc                  = 
| ol                    = 
| osti                  = 
| pmc                   = 
| pmid                  = 
| rfc                   = 
| ssrn                  = 
| zbl                   = 
| id                    = 
| archive-url           = 
| archive-date          = 
| access-date           = 
| via                   = 
| quote                 = 
| postscript            = 
| ref                   = 
}}

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    • If a field name is listed in the Prerequisites column, it is a prerequisite for the field to the left.

    Choosing between {{Cite web}} and {{Cite news}}

    Before 2014, editors needed to decide whether to use {{Cite web}} or {{Cite news}} based on their features. In 2014, however, most of the differences between the two templates were eliminated. As of 29 July 2016, {{Cite web}} and {{Cite news}} have the following differences:
    • {{Cite news}} can be used for offline (paper) sources whereas {{Cite web}} generates a missing URL error when no URL is provided
    • {{Cite news}} accepts |issue= and |volume= parameters while {{Cite web}} does not (See [[Help talk:Citation Style 1/Archive 10#|volume=, |issue=, |page(s)= and cite magazine|Help talk:Citation Style 1/Archive 10 § |volume=, |issue=, |page(s)= and cite magazine]].)
    But given the same set of valid parameters, their output is exactly the same:
    Cite web:Silverman, Dwight (July 15, 2011). Microsoft envisions a universal OS, but it might not be called Windows. Houston Chronicle. Hearst Corporation.
    Cite news:ထာမ်ပလိက် ၜန်ၜုဲ မဂွံဆဵုကေတ် - ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news

    Examples

    A news article with a credited author
    {{cite news |last=Wolford |first=Ben |date=2013-10-16 |title=Citrus Canker Lawsuit Headed Back to Trial |url=http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/palm-beach/fl-citrus-canker-ruling-20131016,0,7602285.story |work=South Florida Sun-Sentinel |access-date=2013-10-17|ref=none}}
    Displays as:
    A news article released by a news agency and having no credited author
    {{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |title=Bellingham Police Arrest WWU Student in Melee |url=http://blogs.seattletimes.com/today/2013/10/bellingham-police-arrest-wwu-student-in-melee/ |work=The Seattle Times |agency=Associated Press |date=2013-10-17 |access-date=2013-10-17|ref=none}}
    Displays as:
    A news article that has been archived
    {{cite news |last=Pank |first=Philip |date=2013-10-18 |title=Families Accuse Network Rail of Cover-Up |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/business/industries/transport/article3897709.ece |url-status=dead |work=The Times |location=London |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6KS5scqfE |archive-date=2013-10-18 |access-date=2013-10-18|ref=none}}
    Displays as:
    A news article written in a foreign language
    {{cite news |last=Bourmaud |first=François-Xavier |date=2013-10-17 |title=Hollande dans le bourbier de l'affaire Leonarda |trans-title=Hollande in the quagmire of the Leonarda case |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2013/10/17/01002-20131017ARTFIG00575-hollande-dans-le-bourbier-de-l-affaire-leonarda.php |language=French |work=Le Figaro |location=Paris |access-date=2013-10-17|ref=none}}
    Displays as:
    A clipped and archived news article that you quote, found on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription
    {{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30201172/daily_news/ |title=Czechs honor Yuri |date=30 April 1961 |newspaper=Daily News|access-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402233429/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30201172/daily_news/|archive-date=2 April 2019|url-status=live |agency=Reuters |location=New York |page=35 |via=Newspapers.com |quote=Czech President [[Antonin Novotny]] today made visiting Soviet spaceman Yuri Gagarin a 'Hero of Socialist Labor'.|ref=none}}
    Displays as:

    Parameters

    Syntax

    Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:
    • parent
    • OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent
      • child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
      • OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)
    Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.
    By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.).

    COinS

    This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. See Wikipedia:COinS. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text: Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example &nbsp;, &ndash;, etc., should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata.

    COinS metadata is created for these parameters

    Note: This table of metadata is displayed in the documentation of all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. A full list of this template's supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies is shown in the Usage section near the top of this documentation page.
    • |periodical=, |journal=, |newspaper=, |magazine=, |work=, |website=, |encyclopedia=, |encyclopaedia=, |dictionary=
    • |chapter=, |script-chapter=, |contribution=, |script-contribution=, |entry=, |script-entry=, |article=, |script-article=, |section=, |script-section=
    • |title=, |script-title=, |book-title=
    • |publication-place=, |place=, |location=
    • |date=, |year=, |publication-date=
    • |series=, |version=
    • |volume=, |issue=, |number=
    • |page=, |pages=, |at=, |quote-page=, |quote-pages=
    • |edition=
    • |publisher=, |institution=
    • |url=, |chapter-url=, |contribution-url=, |section-url=
    • |author-last=, |author-last#=, |author#-last=, |author-surname=, |author-surname#=, |author#-surname=, |last=, |last#=, |surname=, |surname#=, |author=, |author#=, |subject=, |subject#=, |host=, |host#=
    • |author-first=, |author-first#=, |author#-first=, |author-given=, |author-given#=, |author#-given=, |first=, |first#=, |given=, |given#=
    • |degree=
    • |arxiv=, |bibcode=, |biorxiv=, |citeseerx=, |doi=, |eissn=, |eprint=, |hdl=, |isbn=, |issn=, |jfm=, |jstor=, |lccn=, |message-id=, |mr=, |oclc=, |osti=, |pmc=, |pmid=, |rfc=, |ssrn=, |s2cid=, |zbl=

    What's new

    Lua ဗၠေတ်: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/whats new" does not exist.

    Deprecated

    ရီု:CS1 errors ရီု:CS1 errors ရီု:CS1 errors ရီု:CS1 errors

    Description

    Authors

    Lua ဗၠေတ်: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/author" does not exist.

    Title

    (See also Help:Citation Style 1 § Titles and chapters.)
    • title: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in italics. If script-title is defined, use title to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-title.
      • script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in title (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the [[Help:Citation_Style_1#|script-<param>= language codes|supported language codes]] to help browsers properly display the script:
        ... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...
      • trans-title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after title. Use of the language parameter is recommended.
    Titles containing certain characters will not display and link correctly unless those characters are encoded.
    newline[]|
    space&#91;&#93;{{!}} (preferred)
    {{bracket|text}}&#124; or {{pipe}} – see also Help:Table § Rendering the pipe
    • title-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named in title – do not use a web address; do not wikilink.
    • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either the ISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples: |language=ru; |lang=fr, pt-br; |lang=Russian; |language=French, Portuguese. See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of Category:CS1 foreign language sources. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form: espagnol at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".

    Periodical (work, newspaper, website)

    • work (required by {{cite journal}} and {{cite magazine}}): Name of the work containing the source; may be wikilinked if relevant. Displays in italics. If the name of the periodical changed over time use the name at the time of the source's publication. If script-work is defined, use work to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-work. Aliases: journal, newspaper, magazine, periodical, website. Use Latin script. For languages written in non-Latin based scripts (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Indic, Japanese, Korean, etc.) use a standard Romanization in this field.
      • script-work: Work title in its original, non-Latin script; not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in work (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the [[Help:Citation_Style_1#|script-<param>= language codes|supported language codes]] to help browsers properly display the script. Leave empty for Latin-based scripts (Czech, French, Turkish, Vietnamese, etc.). Aliases: script-journal, script-newspaper, script-magazine, script-periodical, script-website.
      • trans-work: English translation of the work title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after work or script-work. Aliases: trans-journal, trans-newspaper, trans-magazine, trans-periodical, trans-website.
        ... |work=Zhōngguó piàofáng |script-work=zh:中国票房 |trans-work=China Box Office ...
      • issue: When the publication is one of a series that is published periodically. Alias: number. When the issue has a special title of its own, this may be given, in italics, along with the issue number, e.g. |issue=2, ''Modern Canadian Literature''. Please choose either |issue= or |number= depending on what is used in the actual publication. If a publication carries both issue and number designations (typically one being a year-relative and the other an absolute value), provide them both, for example |issue=2 #143. Displayed in parentheses following volume.
      • department: Title of a regular department, column, or section within the periodical or journal. Examples include "Communication", "Editorial", "Letter to the Editor", and "Review". Displays after title and is in plain text.
    When set, work changes the formatting of other parameters in the same citation:
    title is not italicized and is enclosed in quotes.
    chapter does not display (and will produce an error message).

    Publisher

    • publisher: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. The publisher is the company, organization or other legal entity that publishes the work being cited. Do not use the publisher parameter for the name of a work (e.g. a website, book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.). If the name of the publisher changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc.", or "GmbH" are not usually included. Not normally used for periodicals. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes The New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays after title.
    • place: For news stories with a dateline, the location where the story was written. If the name of the location changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. In earlier versions of the template this was the publication place, and for compatibility, will be treated as the publication place if the publication-place parameter is absent; see that parameter for further information. Alias: location
    • publication-place: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the publication place, for example, The Boston Globe, The Times of India. Displays after the title. If the name of the publication place changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. If only one of publication-place, place, or location is defined, it will be treated as the publication place and will show after the title; if publication-place and place or location are defined, then place or location is shown before the title prefixed with "written at" and publication-place is shown after the title.
    • publication-date: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. If date (or year) is also defined and is different, then publication-date displays preceded by "published" and enclosed in parentheses, following publisher. If date (or year) is not defined, publication-date is displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink.
    • via: Name of the content deliverer (if different from publisher). via is not a replacement for publisher, but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer (e.g. NewsBank) presents the source in a format different from the original, when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (EBSCO), or if the deliverer requests attribution. See the access level parameters to display access restrictions.
    Lua ဗၠေတ်: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/agency" does not exist.

    Date

    • date: Date of referenced source. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations.ထာမ်ပလိက်:R Required when year is used to disambiguate {{sfn}} links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after the website and publisher. For acceptable date formats, see Help:Citation Style 1 § Dates.
    For approximate year, precede with "c. ", like this: |date=c. 1900.
    For no date, or "undated", use |date=n.d.
    The date of a Web page, PDF, etc. with no visible date can sometimes be established by searching the page source or document code for a created or updated date; a comment for editors such as date=2021-12-25<!--date from page source-->|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01 can be added.
    Automatic date formatting: Citation Style 1 and 2 templates, including this template, automatically render dates in all date parameters (such as |date=, |publication-date=, |access-date=, |archive-date=, etc.) except for |orig-date= in the style specified by the article's {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template. See those templates' documentation for details.
    • year: Year of source being referenced. The usage of this parameter is discouraged; use the more flexible |date= parameter instead unless both of the following conditions are met:
      1. The |date= format is YYYY-MM-DD.
      2. The citation requires a CITEREF disambiguator.
    • orig-date: Original publication date or year; displays in square brackets after the date (or year). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: |orig-date=First published 1859 or |orig-date=Composed 1904. As |orig-date= does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by |df= (or, if it exists in the article, by |cs1-dates= of a {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template), or as used in the |date= parameter. Alias: orig-year
    • df: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these:
      dmy – set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;
      mdy – as above for month day, year format
      ymd – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
      dmy-all – set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;
      mdy-all – as above for month day, year format
      ymd-all – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD

      Edition, volume

      • edition: When the publication has more than one edition; for example: "2nd", "Revised", and so forth. Appends the string " ed." after the field, so |edition=2nd produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined.
      • volume: For one publication published in several volumes. Displays after the title and series fields; volume numbers should be entered just as a numeral (e.g. 37). Volume values that are wholly digits, wholly uppercase Roman numerals, or fewer than five characters will appear in bold. Any alphanumeric value of five or more characters will not appear in bold. In rare cases, publications carry both an ongoing volume and a year-related value; if so, provide them both, for example |volume=IV / #10.

      In-source locations

      • page: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Displays preceded by p. unless |no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |page=3{{hyphen}}12), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert |page=3-12 to |pages=3{{ndash}}12. Alias: p.
      • OR: pages: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by pp. unless |no-pp=yes.
        Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of |pages= without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alternatively, use |at=, like this: |at=pp. 3-1&ndash;3-15. Alias: pp.
        • no-pp: Set to yes, y, or true to suppress the p. or pp. notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where |page=Front cover or |pages=passim.
      • OR: at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by |page= or |pages=. Use only one of |page=, |pages=, or |at=.
        Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse.
      • For |quote-page= and |quote-pages= used in conjunction with |quote=, see here.

      URL

      • url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named by title can be found. Cannot be used if title is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g. #ixzz2rBr3aO94 or ?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=.... For linking to pages in PDF files or in Google Books, see WP:PAGELINKS. Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon; use |isbn= or |oclc= to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message.
        • access-date: Full date when the content pointed to by url was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires url; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations.ထာမ်ပလိက်:R Not required for linked documents that do not change. For example, access-date is required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; see WP:CITEWEB. Access dates are not required for links to published research papers or published books. Note that access-date is the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias: accessdate.
        • archive-url: The URL of an archived snapshot of a web page. Typically used to refer to services such as Internet Archive (see Wikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine), WebCite (see Help:Using WebCite) and archive.today (see Help:Using archive.today); requires archive-date and url. By default (overridden by |url-status=live) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias: archiveurl.
          • archive-date: Archive-service snapshot-date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates.ထာမ်ပလိက်:R Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Alias: archivedate.
          • url-status: the |url-status= parameter should only be included if an |archive-url= is set. If omitted, or with null value, the default value is |url-status=dead. When the URL is still live, but pre-emptively archived, then set |url-status=live; this changes the display order, with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end. When the original URL is 'live' but no longer supports the article text, set |url-status=deviated. When the original URL has been usurped for the purposes of spam, advertising, or is otherwise unsuitable, setting |url-status=unfit or |url-status=usurped suppresses display of the original URL (but |url= and |archive-url= are still required).
          • archive-format: File format of the work referred to by archive-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after the archive link. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. See [[Help:Citation Style 1#Using |format=|Using |format=]]
        • url-access: See Access indicators for url-holding parameters
      • format: File format of the work referred to by url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title. (For media format, use type.) HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. See [[Help:Citation Style 1#Using |format=|Using |format=]]
      ထာမ်ပလိက်:MediaWiki URL rules

        Anchor

        • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: the citation's HTML anchor identifier, when different from its default. When set, |ref=ID generates an anchor with the given ID (the id= attribute in the citation's <cite id="ID"> HTML tag). Setting |ref=ID identifies the template as a target and allows wikilinking to full references, especially useful with short-form citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with {{sfn}} and {{harv}} templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair |ref=harv has no special meaning; this deprecated setting should not be used and may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set |ref=none. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".. See Template:Citation/doc § Anchors for Harvard referencing templates.

        Identifiers

        The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. |rfc=822 or |pmc=345678.
        • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: arXiv identifier; for example: |arxiv=hep-th/9205027 (before April 2007) or |arxiv=0706.0001 (April 2007 – December 2014) or |arxiv=1501.00001 (since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
        • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Amazon Standard Identification Number; if first character of Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support". value is a digit, use Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".. Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example |asin=B00005N5PF. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
          • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values: ရီု:CS1 errors. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
        • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: bibcode; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example: 1974AJ.....79..819H. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
        • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: bioRxiv id, as in the entire DOI (e.g. 10.1101/078733 for http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 or https://doi.org/10.1101/078733; 10.1101/2020.07.24.220400 for https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400). Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
        • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: CiteSeerX id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g. 10.1.1.176.341 for http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341). Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
        • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Digital object identifier; for example: 10.1038/news070508-7. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.). Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
          • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid DOIs using a non-standard format, see below.
          • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Date a valid DOI was found to be non-working/inactive at https://doi.org. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
        • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: International Standard Serial Number for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |eissn=1557-2986. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
          • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid eISSNs using a non-standard format, see below.
        • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example |hdl=20.1000/100. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
        • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: International Standard Book Number; for example: 978-0-8126-9593-9. (See Wikipedia:ISBN and ISBN § Overview.) Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
          • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISBNs using a non-standard format, see below.
        • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: International Standard Music Number; for example: 979-0-9016791-7-7. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
        • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: International Standard Serial Number; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |issn=2049-3630. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
          • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISSNs using a non-standard format, see below.
        • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik; do not include "JFM" in the value; example |jfm=53.0144.01. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
        • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: JSTOR reference number; for example: |jstor=3793107. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
        • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Library of Congress Control Number. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space; example |lccn=79-57364 or |lccn=2004042477 or |lccn=e09001178. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
        • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Mathematical Reviews; example |mr=630583. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
        • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: OCLC Number for looking up publications in the WorldCat union catalog; example |oclc=9355469. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
        • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example |ol=7030731M. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
        • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Office of Scientific and Technical Information; example |osti=4367507. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
        • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: PubMed Central; use article number for open repository full-text of a journal article, e.g. |pmc=345678. Do not include "PMC" in the value. See also the Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support". parameter, below; these are two different identifiers. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
          • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Date that Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support". goes live; if this date is in the future, then Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support". is not linked until that date. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
        • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: PubMed; use unique identifier; example |pmid=17322060 See also the Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support". parameter, above; these are two different identifiers. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
        • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Request for Comments; example |rfc=3143. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
        • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Standard Book Number; example |sbn=356-02201-3. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
          • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid SBNs using a non-standard format, see below.
        • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Social Science Research Network; example |ssrn=1900856. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
        • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Semantic Scholar corpus ID; example |s2cid=37220927. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
        • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Zentralblatt MATH; example |zbl=0472.53010 For zbMATH search results like JFM 35.0387.02 use |jfm=35.0387.02. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
        In very rare cases, valid identifiers (f.e., as actually printed on publications) do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums, which would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (|doi=, |eissn=, |isbn=, |issn=, and |sbn=) support a special accept-this-as-written markup which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as |<param>=((<value>))). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message. For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the access status using the corresponding |<param>-access= parameter. For {{cite journal}}, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when |url= and |title-link= are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for |title-link= to manually select a specific source (|title-link=pmc or |title-link=doi) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (|title-link=none). It is not necessary to specify a URL to a link identical to a link also produced by an identifier. The |url= parameter (or |title-link=) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a convenience link to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.

        Quote

        • quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation. If script-quote is defined, use quote to hold a Romanization (if available) of the text in script-quote.
          • script-quote: Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in quote (if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of the [[Help:Citation_Style_1#|script-<param>= language codes|supported language codes]] to help browsers properly display the script:
            ... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ...
          • trans-quote: English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. Alias: none.
        • quote-page: The number of a single page quoted in |quote=. Use either |quote-page= or |quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in |page=, |pages= or |at=. Displays preceded by p. unless |no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |quote-page=3{{hyphen}}12). Alias: none.
        • OR: quote-pages: A list or range of pages quoted in |quote=. Use either |quote-page= or |quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in |pages= or |at=. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded by pp. unless |no-pp=yes is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of |quote-pages= without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |quote-pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alias: none.

        Editors

        • editor-last: surname of editor. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use editor-last to include the same format as the source. Aliases: editor-last1, editor1-last, editor-surname, editor-surname1, editor1-surname, editor, editor1.
          • editor: This parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single editor (first and last), or the name of an editorial committee. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one editor.
          • editor-first: given or first names of editor, including title(s); example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Aliases: editor-first1, editor1-first, editor-given, editor-given1, editor1-given.
          • OR: for multiple editors, use editor-last1, editor-first1 through editor-lastn, editor-firstn (Aliases: editorn-last, editor-surnamen or editorn-surname; editorn-first, editor-givenn or editorn-given; editorn). For an individual editor plus an institutional editor, you can use |editor-first1=...|editor-last1=... |editor2=....
          • editor-link: title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: editor-link1.
          • OR: for multiple editors, use editor-link1 through editor-linkn (alias editorn-link).
          • name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to amp, ampersand, or &, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vancdisplays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last/first forms of name parameters.
        • veditors: comma separated list of editor names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional names in doubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate:
          |veditors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
          • editor-linkn and editor-maskn may be used for the individual names in |veditors=, as described above
        • Display:
          Use display-editors to control the length of the displayed editor name list and to specify when "et al." is included.
          If authors: Authors are first, followed by the included work, then "In" and the editors, then the main work.
          If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds."

        Lay summary

        These parameters are deprecated. If the source that they name is important to the Wikipedia article, create a separate cs1|2 template for that source.
        • ထာမ်ပလိက်:Xtd: (deprecated) URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; the URL title is set to "Lay summary".
          • ထာမ်ပလိက်:Xtd: (deprecated) Name of the source of the lay summary. Displays in italics and preceded by a spaced endash.
          • ထာမ်ပလိက်:Xtd: (deprecated) Date of the lay summary. Displays in parentheses.
          • ထာမ်ပလိက်:Xtd: (deprecated) File format of the work referred to by ထာမ်ပလိက်:Xtd; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after lay summary. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. See [[Help:Citation_Style_1#Using_|format=|Using |format=]]

        Display options

        • mode: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For |mode=cs1, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For |mode=cs2, element separator is a comma (,); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). To override default terminal punctuation use postscript.
        • author-mask:
        • contributor-mask:
        • editor-mask:
        • interviewer-mask:
        • subject-mask:
        • translator-mask:
          Replaces the name of the (first) author with em dashes or text. Set <name>-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set <name>-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". The numeric value 0 is a special case to be used in conjunction with <name>-link—in this case, the value of <name>-link will be used as (linked) text. In either case, you must still include the values for all names for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as ထာမ်ပလိက်:Sfnote. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, <references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g. |authorn-mask=) to apply the mask to a specific name.
        • display-authors:
        • display-contributors:
        • display-editors:
        • display-interviewers:
        • display-subjects:
        • display-translators:
          Controls the number of author or editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of names, set display-authors and/or display-editors to the desired number. For example, |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of editors). Likewise, |display-editors=2 will display only the first two editors (and all authors). |display-authors=0 and |display-editors=0 are special cases suppressing the display of all authors or editors including the et al. By default, all authors and editors are displayed. |display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: none.
        • postscript: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); for no terminating punctuation, specify |postscript=none – leaving |postscript= empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text, or templates that render more than a single terminating punctuation character, will generate a maintenance message. |postscript= is ignored if quote is defined.

        Subscription or registration required

        Lua ဗၠေတ်: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/registration" does not exist.

        TemplateData

        This is the TemplateData documentation for this template used by VisualEditor and other tools; see the monthly parameter usage report for this template. TemplateData for ပရေင်ပၞာန် ၁၀၂၇
        Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".

        This template formats a citation to a news article in print, video, audio or web using the provided source information (e.g. author, publication, date) and various formatting options.

        ပါရာမဳတာထာမ်ပလိက်ဂမၠိုၚ်[အရန်ဂွံပလေဝ်ဒါန် ဒေတာထာမ်ပလိက်]

        This template has custom formatting.

        ပါရာမဳတာတၚ်ထမံက်ထ္ၜးဂကူအကာဲအရာ
        Last namelast last1 author author1 authors

        The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'.

        		လာၚ်မကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
        First namefirst first1

        Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'.

        		လာၚ်မကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
        Author linkauthor-link author-link1 author1-link

        Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

        		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Last name 2last2 author2

        The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2'.

        		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        First name 2first2

        Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink.

        		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Author link 2author-link2 author2-link

        Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author. (Up to nine authors can be listed, 3-9 are toward the end of the parameter list)

        		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Last name 3last3 author3

        The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3'.

        		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        First name 3first3

        Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.

        		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Author link 3author-link3 author3-link

        Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author.

        		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Last name 4last4 author4

        The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4'.

        		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        First name 4first4

        Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink.

        		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Author link 4author-link4 author4-link

        Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author.

        		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Last name 5last5 author5

        The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5'.

        		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        First name 5first5

        Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.

        		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Author link 5author-link5 author5-link

        Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth author.

        		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Last name 6last6 author6

        The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6'.

        		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        First name 6first6

        Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.

        		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Author link 6author-link6 author6-link

        Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.

        		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Last name 7last7 author7

        The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7'.

        		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        First name 7first7

        Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.

        		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Author link 7author-link7 author7-link

        Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author.

        		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Last name 8last8 author8

        The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8'.

        		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        First name 8first8

        Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.

        		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Author link 8author-link8 author8-link

        Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author.

        		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Last name 9last9 author9

        The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author.

        		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        First name 9first9

        Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.

        		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Author link 9author-link9 author9-link

        Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author.

        		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Display authorsdisplay-authors

        number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used;

        		ဂၞန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Author maskauthor-mask

        Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Name list stylename-list-style

        Set to 'amp' or 'and' to change the separator between the last two names of the name list to ' & ' or ' and ', respectively. Set to 'vanc' to display name lists in Vancouver style.

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Othersothers

        Used to record other contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Source datedate

        Full date of the source; do not wikilink

        		စၟတ်တ္ၚဲမကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
        Year of publicationyear

        Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Original dateorig-date

        Original date of publication; provide specifics

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Source titletitle

        The title of the article as it appears in the source; displays in quotes

        		ဇုက်နွံပၟိက်
        Script titlescript-title

        For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For Japanese use: |script-title=ja:...

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Languagelanguage

        The language in which the source is written, if not English; use a two-letter language code or the full language name. Do not use icons or templates

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Translated titletrans-title

        An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Editionedition

        When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.'

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Volumevolume

        For one publication published in several volumes. Usually a number. Do not prepend with vol. or v.

        သာဓကဥပမာ
        3
        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Pagepage

        Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Pagespages

        Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source); displays after 'pp.'

        သာဓကဥပမာ
        2–3
        		ဇုက်မကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
        No ppno-pp

        Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')

        အလိုအလျောက် တန်ဖိုး
        y
        		Booleanမိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Atat

        May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Name of publicationwork journal magazine periodical newspaper website

        Name of the newspaper, magazine or periodical; displays after title

        သာဓကဥပမာ
        [[The Wall Street Journal]]
        		ဇုက်မကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
        Publisherpublisher institution

        Name of the parent institution or company that publishes the newspaper, magazine, or periodical; displays after name of the publication

        သာဓကဥပမာ
        [[Gannett]]
        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Agencyagency

        The news agency (wire service) that provided the content; examples: Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Issueissue number

        Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically. Usually a number. Do not prepend with no.

        သာဓကဥပမာ
        4
        		လာၚ်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Departmentdepartment

        Department within the periodical

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Location of publicationlocation place

        Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place; alias of 'place'

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Place of publicationpublication-place

        Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Publication datepublication-date

        Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink

        အလိုအလျောက် တန်ဖိုး
        		စၟတ်တ္ၚဲမိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Editor last nameeditor-last editor-last1 editor1-last editor-surname editor-surname1 editor1-surname editor editor1

        The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-last', 'editor', and 'editors'

        		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Editor first nameeditor-first editor-first1 editor1-first editor-given editor-given1 editor1-given

        Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first'

        		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Editor linkeditor-link editor-link1

        Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-link'

        		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Typetype

        Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Formatformat

        Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        URLurl URL

        The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "http://..." or maybe even the&nbsp;protocol relative scheme "//..."

        သာဓကဥပမာ
        https://www.nytimes.com/...
        		URLမကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
        URL statusurl-status

        If set to 'live', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live. Set to 'dead' if the original URL is broken. If the original URL is 'live' but no longer supports the article text, set to 'deviated'. Set to 'unfit' or 'usurped' if the original URL is no longer suitable (spam, advertising, etc.) which will make the original link not appear at all.

        Suggested values
        dead live usurped unfit deviated
        နဂိုအတိုင်း
        'dead' if an Archive URL is entered
        သာဓကဥပမာ
        'dead' or 'live'
        		ဇုက်မကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
        URL access levelurl-access

        Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited')

        Suggested values
        registration subscription limited
        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        URL access dateaccess-date accessdate

        The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink

        		စၟတ်တ္ၚဲမကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
        Archive URLarchive-url archiveurl

        The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date'

        		ဇုက်မကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
        Archive datearchive-date archivedate

        Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink

        		ဇုက်မကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
        arXiv identifierarxiv

        An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        ASINasin

        Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        ASIN TLDasin-tld

        ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Bibcodebibcode

        Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        DOIdoi

        Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        DOI broken datedoi-broken-date

        The date that the DOI was determined to be broken

        		စၟတ်တ္ၚဲမိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        ISBNisbn ISBN

        International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        ISSNissn ISSN

        International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        jfm codejfm

        Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        JSTORjstor

        JSTOR identifier

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        LCCNlccn

        Library of Congress Control Number

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        MRmr

        Mathematical Reviews identifier

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        OCLCoclc

        Online Computer Library Center number

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        OLol

        Open Library identifier

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        OSTIosti

        Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        PMCpmc

        PubMed Center article number

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        PMIDpmid

        PubMed Unique Identifier

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        RFCrfc

        Request for Comments number

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        SSRNssrn

        Social Science Research Network

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Zblzbl

        Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        idid

        A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Quotequote

        Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Refref

        An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templates

        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Postscriptpostscript

        The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined; to suppress use reserved keyword 'none'

        နဂိုအတိုင်း
        .
        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        viavia

        Identify the aggregator of the resource that provided the digital version (usually a database provider), when it differs from the publisher (e.g., for The Wikipedia Library)

        သာဓကဥပမာ
        [[EBSCOHost]], [[Proquest]], [[Newspapers.com]]
        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Bibcode access levelbibcode-access

        If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'.

        Suggested values
        free
        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        DOI access leveldoi-access

        If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'.

        Suggested values
        free
        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        HDL access levelhdl-access

        If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'.

        Suggested values
        free
        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        Jstor access leveljstor-access

        If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'.

        Suggested values
        free
        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        OpenLibrary access levelol-access

        If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'.

        Suggested values
        free
        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
        OSTI access levelosti-access

        If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'.

        Suggested values
        free
        		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ

        See also

        This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.
        "မြေပြင်စစ်ကူဝင်နိုင်သည့် လမ်းကြောင်းများကို မြောက်ပိုင်းမဟာမိတ် ထိန်းချုပ်"၊ The Irrawaddy။
      1. ↑ 反电诈传捷报？缅北势力多受中共扶植，多民族矛盾下民主难产 (in zh-cn). VOAChinese (2023-11-20).
      2. 1 2 ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
      3. 1 2 You must specify archiveurl = and archivedate = when using {{cite web}}. Seven Key Points About Myanmar Ethnic Alliance's 'Operation 1027' (in en-US). The Irrawaddy (2023-11-02).
      4. 1 2 3 4 You must specify archiveurl = and archivedate = when using {{cite web}}. At Least 170 Myanmar Junta Troops Killed in Five Days of Resistance Attacks (30 October 2023).
      5. ↑ More people flee in Sagaing; UN alarmed about fights in northern Shan State (8 November 2023).
      6. ↑ Myanmar Junta killed at least 150 civilians since Operation 1027 (17 November 2023).
      7. ↑ UN says more than 200,000 people displaced in recent Myanmar fighting (15 November 2023).
      8. ↑ Operation 1027 poses rare challenge to Myanmar junta (10 November 2023).
      9. ↑ A New Escalation of Armed Conflict in Myanmar (17 November 2023).
      10. ↑ "Ethnic rebels launch attacks across northern Myanmar"၊ The New Indian Express။ Archived from the original on 4 November 2023။
      11. 1 2 "Ethnic rebel alliance attacks military positions across northern Myanmar." (in en)၊ Al Jazeera၊ 27 October 2023။ Archived from the original on 27 October 2023။
      12. 1 2 3 You must specify archiveurl = and archivedate = when using {{cite web}}. Irrawaddy, The (2023-10-31). Myanmar Ethnic Alliance Says 'Operation 1027' Has Spread to Sagaing (in en-US).
      13. 1 2 3 You must specify archiveurl = and archivedate = when using {{cite web}}. Naing, Aung (2023-10-31). Operation 1027 expands into Sagaing Region as PDF launches attacks in central Myanmar (in en-US).
      14. 1 2 ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
      15. ↑ Zan, Hein Htoo (2023-11-11). More Myanmar Junta Bases Fall in Shan Fighting: MNDAA (in en-US).
      16. ↑ "ကရင်နီဒေသ ၁၁၀၇ စစ်ဆင်ရေး တိုက်ပွဲ ဆင်နွှဲ" (in my)၊ BBC News မြန်မာ၊ 9 November 2023။
      17. ↑
        You must specify archiveurl= and archivedate= when using {{cite news}}. Available parameters:
        Citation Style 1 templates
        {{Cite arXiv}}arXiv preprints
        {{Cite AV media}}audio and visual media
        {{Cite AV media notes}}AV media liner notes
        {{Cite bioRxiv}}bioRxiv preprints
        {{Cite book}}books and chapters
        {{Cite CiteSeerX}}CiteSeerX papers
        {{Cite conference}}conference papers
        {{Cite encyclopedia}}edited collections
        {{Cite episode}}radio or TV episodes
        {{Cite interview}}interviews
        {{Cite journal}}academic journals
        {{Cite magazine}}magazines, periodicals
        {{Cite mailing list}}public mailing lists
        {{Cite map}}maps
        {{Cite news}}news articles
        {{Cite newsgroup}}online newsgroups
        {{Cite podcast}}podcasts
        {{Cite press release}}press releases
        {{Cite report}}reports
        {{Cite serial}}audio or video serials
        {{Cite sign}}signs, plaques
        {{Cite speech}}speeches
        {{Cite ssrn}}SSRN papers
        {{Cite techreport}}technical reports
        {{Cite thesis}}theses
        {{Cite web}}web sources not covered by the above
        See alsoSpecific-source templates
        Wrapper templates
        This Citation Style 1 template is used to create citations for news articles in print, video, audio or web.

        Usage

        Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as |isbn= have upper-case aliases like |ISBN=, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, then purge the page.
        Most commonly used parameters in horizontal format
        To cite a news article with a credited author
        {{cite news |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |work= |location= |access-date=}}
        To cite a news article with no credited author
        {{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date= |title= |url= |work= |location= |access-date=}}
        To cite an online news article that has been archived
        {{cite news |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |url-status= |work= |location= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=}}
        To cite a news article written in a foreign language
        {{cite news |last= |first= |date= |title= |trans-title= |url= |language= |work= |location= |access-date=}}
        To cite and quote an archived news article clipped with an information aggregation service requiring a subscription
        {{cite news |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |title= |trans-title= |url= |url-status= |language= |work= |location= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |quote=}}
        Full parameter set in horizontal format
        {{cite news |last1= |first1= |author-link1= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |last3= |first3= |author-link3= |last4= |first4= |author-link4= |last5= |first5= |author-link5= |display-authors= |author-mask= |name-list-style= |date= |year= |orig-date= |title= |script-title= |trans-title= |url= |url-status= |format= |editor1-last= |editor1-first= |editor1-link= |editor2-last= |editor2-first= |editor2-link= |editor3-last= |editor3-first= |editor3-link= |editor4-last= |editor4-first= |editor4-link= |editor5-last= |editor5-first= |editor5-link= |display-editors= |department= |work= |type= |series= |language= |volume= |issue= |others= |edition= |location= |publisher= |publication-date= |agency= |page= |pages= |at= |no-pp= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |url-access= |quote= |postscript= |ref=}}
        Lua ဗၠေတ်: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/usage vertical common" does not exist.
        To cite a news article with a credited author
        {{cite news
| last         = 
| first        = 
| date         = 
| title        = 
| url          = 
| work         = 
| location     = 
| access-date  = 
}}
        To cite a news article with no credited author
        {{cite news
| author       =<!--not stated-->
| title        = 
| url          = 
| work         = 
| location     = 
| date         = 
| access-date  =
}}
        To cite an online news article that has been archived
        {{cite news
| last         = 
| first        = 
| date         = 
| title        = 
| url          = 
| url-status   = 
| work         = 
| location     = 
| archive-url  = 
| archive-date = 
| access-date  = 
}}
        To cite a news article written in a foreign language
        {{cite news
| last         = 
| first        = 
| date         = 
| title        = 
| trans-title  = 
| url          = 
| language     = 
| work         = 
| location     = 
| access-date  = 
}}
        To cite and quote a clipped and archived news article on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription
        {{cite news
| last1        = 
| first1       = 
| last2        = 
| first2       = 
| date         = 
| title        = 
| trans-title  = 
| url          = 
| url-status   = 
| format       = 
| language     = 
| work    = 
| location     = 
| archive-url  = 
| archive-date = 
| access-date  = 
| via          = 
| url-access   = 
| quote        = 
}}
        |}
        Full parameter set in vertical format
        Vertical listPrerequisitesBrief instructions / notes
        {{cite news
| last1                 = 
| first1                = 
| author-link1          = 
| last2                 = 
| first2                = 
| author-link2          = 
| last3                 = 
| first3                = 
| author-link3          = 
| last4                 = 
| first4                = 
| author-link4          = 
| last5                 = 
| first5                = 
| author-link5          = 
| display-authors       = 
| author-mask           = 
| name-list-style       = 
| date                  = 
| year                  = 
| orig-date             =
| title                 = 
| script-title          = 
| trans-title           = 
| url                   = 
| url-status            = 
| format                = 
| editor1-last          = 
| editor1-first         = 
| editor1-link          = 
| editor2-last          = 
| editor2-first         = 
| editor2-link          = 
| editor3-last          = 
| editor3-first         = 
| editor3-link          = 
| editor4-last          = 
| editor4-first         = 
| editor4-link          = 
| editor5-last          = 
| editor5-first         = 
| editor5-link          = 
| display-editors       = 
| department            = 
| work                  = 
| type                  = 
| series                = 
| language              = 
| volume                = 
| issue                 = 
| others                = 
| edition               = 
| location              = 
| publisher             = 
| publication-date      = 
| agency                = 
| page                  = 
| pages                 = 
| at                    = 
| no-pp                 = 
| arxiv                 = 
| asin                  = 
| bibcode               = 
| doi                   = 
| doi-broken-date       = 
| isbn                  = 
| issn                  = 
| jfm                   = 
| jstor                 = 
| lccn                  = 
| mr                    = 
| oclc                  = 
| ol                    = 
| osti                  = 
| pmc                   = 
| pmid                  = 
| rfc                   = 
| ssrn                  = 
| zbl                   = 
| id                    = 
| archive-url           = 
| archive-date          = 
| access-date           = 
| via                   = 
| quote                 = 
| postscript            = 
| ref                   = 
}}

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        • If a field name is listed in the Prerequisites column, it is a prerequisite for the field to the left.

        Choosing between {{Cite web}} and {{Cite news}}

        Before 2014, editors needed to decide whether to use {{Cite web}} or {{Cite news}} based on their features. In 2014, however, most of the differences between the two templates were eliminated. As of 29 July 2016, {{Cite web}} and {{Cite news}} have the following differences:
        • {{Cite news}} can be used for offline (paper) sources whereas {{Cite web}} generates a missing URL error when no URL is provided
        • {{Cite news}} accepts |issue= and |volume= parameters while {{Cite web}} does not (See [[Help talk:Citation Style 1/Archive 10#|volume=, |issue=, |page(s)= and cite magazine|Help talk:Citation Style 1/Archive 10 § |volume=, |issue=, |page(s)= and cite magazine]].)
        But given the same set of valid parameters, their output is exactly the same:
        Cite web:Silverman, Dwight (July 15, 2011). Microsoft envisions a universal OS, but it might not be called Windows. Houston Chronicle. Hearst Corporation.
        Cite news:ထာမ်ပလိက် ၜန်ၜုဲ မဂွံဆဵုကေတ် - ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news

        Examples

        A news article with a credited author
        {{cite news |last=Wolford |first=Ben |date=2013-10-16 |title=Citrus Canker Lawsuit Headed Back to Trial |url=http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/palm-beach/fl-citrus-canker-ruling-20131016,0,7602285.story |work=South Florida Sun-Sentinel |access-date=2013-10-17|ref=none}}
        Displays as:
        A news article released by a news agency and having no credited author
        {{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |title=Bellingham Police Arrest WWU Student in Melee |url=http://blogs.seattletimes.com/today/2013/10/bellingham-police-arrest-wwu-student-in-melee/ |work=The Seattle Times |agency=Associated Press |date=2013-10-17 |access-date=2013-10-17|ref=none}}
        Displays as:
        A news article that has been archived
        {{cite news |last=Pank |first=Philip |date=2013-10-18 |title=Families Accuse Network Rail of Cover-Up |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/business/industries/transport/article3897709.ece |url-status=dead |work=The Times |location=London |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6KS5scqfE |archive-date=2013-10-18 |access-date=2013-10-18|ref=none}}
        Displays as:
        A news article written in a foreign language
        {{cite news |last=Bourmaud |first=François-Xavier |date=2013-10-17 |title=Hollande dans le bourbier de l'affaire Leonarda |trans-title=Hollande in the quagmire of the Leonarda case |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2013/10/17/01002-20131017ARTFIG00575-hollande-dans-le-bourbier-de-l-affaire-leonarda.php |language=French |work=Le Figaro |location=Paris |access-date=2013-10-17|ref=none}}
        Displays as:
        A clipped and archived news article that you quote, found on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription
        {{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30201172/daily_news/ |title=Czechs honor Yuri |date=30 April 1961 |newspaper=Daily News|access-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402233429/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30201172/daily_news/|archive-date=2 April 2019|url-status=live |agency=Reuters |location=New York |page=35 |via=Newspapers.com |quote=Czech President [[Antonin Novotny]] today made visiting Soviet spaceman Yuri Gagarin a 'Hero of Socialist Labor'.|ref=none}}
        Displays as:

        Parameters

        Syntax

        Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:
        • parent
        • OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent
          • child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
          • OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)
        Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.
        By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.).

        COinS

        This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. See Wikipedia:COinS. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text: Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example &nbsp;, &ndash;, etc., should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata.

        COinS metadata is created for these parameters

        Note: This table of metadata is displayed in the documentation of all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. A full list of this template's supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies is shown in the Usage section near the top of this documentation page.
        • |periodical=, |journal=, |newspaper=, |magazine=, |work=, |website=, |encyclopedia=, |encyclopaedia=, |dictionary=
        • |chapter=, |script-chapter=, |contribution=, |script-contribution=, |entry=, |script-entry=, |article=, |script-article=, |section=, |script-section=
        • |title=, |script-title=, |book-title=
        • |publication-place=, |place=, |location=
        • |date=, |year=, |publication-date=
        • |series=, |version=
        • |volume=, |issue=, |number=
        • |page=, |pages=, |at=, |quote-page=, |quote-pages=
        • |edition=
        • |publisher=, |institution=
        • |url=, |chapter-url=, |contribution-url=, |section-url=
        • |author-last=, |author-last#=, |author#-last=, |author-surname=, |author-surname#=, |author#-surname=, |last=, |last#=, |surname=, |surname#=, |author=, |author#=, |subject=, |subject#=, |host=, |host#=
        • |author-first=, |author-first#=, |author#-first=, |author-given=, |author-given#=, |author#-given=, |first=, |first#=, |given=, |given#=
        • |degree=
        • |arxiv=, |bibcode=, |biorxiv=, |citeseerx=, |doi=, |eissn=, |eprint=, |hdl=, |isbn=, |issn=, |jfm=, |jstor=, |lccn=, |message-id=, |mr=, |oclc=, |osti=, |pmc=, |pmid=, |rfc=, |ssrn=, |s2cid=, |zbl=

        What's new

        Lua ဗၠေတ်: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/whats new" does not exist.

        Deprecated

        ရီု:CS1 errors ရီု:CS1 errors ရီု:CS1 errors ရီု:CS1 errors

        Description

        Authors

        Lua ဗၠေတ်: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/author" does not exist.

        Title

        (See also Help:Citation Style 1 § Titles and chapters.)
        • title: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in italics. If script-title is defined, use title to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-title.
          • script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in title (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the [[Help:Citation_Style_1#|script-<param>= language codes|supported language codes]] to help browsers properly display the script:
            ... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...
          • trans-title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after title. Use of the language parameter is recommended.
        Titles containing certain characters will not display and link correctly unless those characters are encoded.
        newline[]|
        space&#91;&#93;{{!}} (preferred)
        {{bracket|text}}&#124; or {{pipe}} – see also Help:Table § Rendering the pipe
        • title-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named in title – do not use a web address; do not wikilink.
        • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either the ISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples: |language=ru; |lang=fr, pt-br; |lang=Russian; |language=French, Portuguese. See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of Category:CS1 foreign language sources. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form: espagnol at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".

        Periodical (work, newspaper, website)

        • work (required by {{cite journal}} and {{cite magazine}}): Name of the work containing the source; may be wikilinked if relevant. Displays in italics. If the name of the periodical changed over time use the name at the time of the source's publication. If script-work is defined, use work to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-work. Aliases: journal, newspaper, magazine, periodical, website. Use Latin script. For languages written in non-Latin based scripts (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Indic, Japanese, Korean, etc.) use a standard Romanization in this field.
          • script-work: Work title in its original, non-Latin script; not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in work (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the [[Help:Citation_Style_1#|script-<param>= language codes|supported language codes]] to help browsers properly display the script. Leave empty for Latin-based scripts (Czech, French, Turkish, Vietnamese, etc.). Aliases: script-journal, script-newspaper, script-magazine, script-periodical, script-website.
          • trans-work: English translation of the work title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after work or script-work. Aliases: trans-journal, trans-newspaper, trans-magazine, trans-periodical, trans-website.
            ... |work=Zhōngguó piàofáng |script-work=zh:中国票房 |trans-work=China Box Office ...
          • issue: When the publication is one of a series that is published periodically. Alias: number. When the issue has a special title of its own, this may be given, in italics, along with the issue number, e.g. |issue=2, ''Modern Canadian Literature''. Please choose either |issue= or |number= depending on what is used in the actual publication. If a publication carries both issue and number designations (typically one being a year-relative and the other an absolute value), provide them both, for example |issue=2 #143. Displayed in parentheses following volume.
          • department: Title of a regular department, column, or section within the periodical or journal. Examples include "Communication", "Editorial", "Letter to the Editor", and "Review". Displays after title and is in plain text.
        When set, work changes the formatting of other parameters in the same citation:
        title is not italicized and is enclosed in quotes.
        chapter does not display (and will produce an error message).

        Publisher

        • publisher: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. The publisher is the company, organization or other legal entity that publishes the work being cited. Do not use the publisher parameter for the name of a work (e.g. a website, book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.). If the name of the publisher changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc.", or "GmbH" are not usually included. Not normally used for periodicals. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes The New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays after title.
        • place: For news stories with a dateline, the location where the story was written. If the name of the location changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. In earlier versions of the template this was the publication place, and for compatibility, will be treated as the publication place if the publication-place parameter is absent; see that parameter for further information. Alias: location
        • publication-place: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the publication place, for example, The Boston Globe, The Times of India. Displays after the title. If the name of the publication place changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. If only one of publication-place, place, or location is defined, it will be treated as the publication place and will show after the title; if publication-place and place or location are defined, then place or location is shown before the title prefixed with "written at" and publication-place is shown after the title.
        • publication-date: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. If date (or year) is also defined and is different, then publication-date displays preceded by "published" and enclosed in parentheses, following publisher. If date (or year) is not defined, publication-date is displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink.
        • via: Name of the content deliverer (if different from publisher). via is not a replacement for publisher, but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer (e.g. NewsBank) presents the source in a format different from the original, when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (EBSCO), or if the deliverer requests attribution. See the access level parameters to display access restrictions.
        Lua ဗၠေတ်: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/agency" does not exist.

        Date

        • date: Date of referenced source. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations.ထာမ်ပလိက်:R Required when year is used to disambiguate {{sfn}} links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after the website and publisher. For acceptable date formats, see Help:Citation Style 1 § Dates.
        For approximate year, precede with "c. ", like this: |date=c. 1900.
        For no date, or "undated", use |date=n.d.
        The date of a Web page, PDF, etc. with no visible date can sometimes be established by searching the page source or document code for a created or updated date; a comment for editors such as date=2021-12-25<!--date from page source-->|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01 can be added.
        Automatic date formatting: Citation Style 1 and 2 templates, including this template, automatically render dates in all date parameters (such as |date=, |publication-date=, |access-date=, |archive-date=, etc.) except for |orig-date= in the style specified by the article's {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template. See those templates' documentation for details.
        • year: Year of source being referenced. The usage of this parameter is discouraged; use the more flexible |date= parameter instead unless both of the following conditions are met:
          1. The |date= format is YYYY-MM-DD.
          2. The citation requires a CITEREF disambiguator.
        • orig-date: Original publication date or year; displays in square brackets after the date (or year). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: |orig-date=First published 1859 or |orig-date=Composed 1904. As |orig-date= does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by |df= (or, if it exists in the article, by |cs1-dates= of a {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template), or as used in the |date= parameter. Alias: orig-year
        • df: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these:
          dmy – set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;
          mdy – as above for month day, year format
          ymd – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
          dmy-all – set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;
          mdy-all – as above for month day, year format
          ymd-all – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD

          Edition, volume

          • edition: When the publication has more than one edition; for example: "2nd", "Revised", and so forth. Appends the string " ed." after the field, so |edition=2nd produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined.
          • volume: For one publication published in several volumes. Displays after the title and series fields; volume numbers should be entered just as a numeral (e.g. 37). Volume values that are wholly digits, wholly uppercase Roman numerals, or fewer than five characters will appear in bold. Any alphanumeric value of five or more characters will not appear in bold. In rare cases, publications carry both an ongoing volume and a year-related value; if so, provide them both, for example |volume=IV / #10.

          In-source locations

          • page: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Displays preceded by p. unless |no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |page=3{{hyphen}}12), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert |page=3-12 to |pages=3{{ndash}}12. Alias: p.
          • OR: pages: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by pp. unless |no-pp=yes.
            Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of |pages= without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alternatively, use |at=, like this: |at=pp. 3-1&ndash;3-15. Alias: pp.
            • no-pp: Set to yes, y, or true to suppress the p. or pp. notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where |page=Front cover or |pages=passim.
          • OR: at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by |page= or |pages=. Use only one of |page=, |pages=, or |at=.
            Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse.
          • For |quote-page= and |quote-pages= used in conjunction with |quote=, see here.

          URL

          • url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named by title can be found. Cannot be used if title is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g. #ixzz2rBr3aO94 or ?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=.... For linking to pages in PDF files or in Google Books, see WP:PAGELINKS. Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon; use |isbn= or |oclc= to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message.
            • access-date: Full date when the content pointed to by url was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires url; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations.ထာမ်ပလိက်:R Not required for linked documents that do not change. For example, access-date is required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; see WP:CITEWEB. Access dates are not required for links to published research papers or published books. Note that access-date is the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias: accessdate.
            • archive-url: The URL of an archived snapshot of a web page. Typically used to refer to services such as Internet Archive (see Wikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine), WebCite (see Help:Using WebCite) and archive.today (see Help:Using archive.today); requires archive-date and url. By default (overridden by |url-status=live) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias: archiveurl.
              • archive-date: Archive-service snapshot-date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates.ထာမ်ပလိက်:R Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Alias: archivedate.
              • url-status: the |url-status= parameter should only be included if an |archive-url= is set. If omitted, or with null value, the default value is |url-status=dead. When the URL is still live, but pre-emptively archived, then set |url-status=live; this changes the display order, with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end. When the original URL is 'live' but no longer supports the article text, set |url-status=deviated. When the original URL has been usurped for the purposes of spam, advertising, or is otherwise unsuitable, setting |url-status=unfit or |url-status=usurped suppresses display of the original URL (but |url= and |archive-url= are still required).
              • archive-format: File format of the work referred to by archive-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after the archive link. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. See [[Help:Citation Style 1#Using |format=|Using |format=]]
            • url-access: See Access indicators for url-holding parameters
          • format: File format of the work referred to by url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title. (For media format, use type.) HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. See [[Help:Citation Style 1#Using |format=|Using |format=]]
          ထာမ်ပလိက်:MediaWiki URL rules

            Anchor

            • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: the citation's HTML anchor identifier, when different from its default. When set, |ref=ID generates an anchor with the given ID (the id= attribute in the citation's <cite id="ID"> HTML tag). Setting |ref=ID identifies the template as a target and allows wikilinking to full references, especially useful with short-form citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with {{sfn}} and {{harv}} templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair |ref=harv has no special meaning; this deprecated setting should not be used and may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set |ref=none. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".. See Template:Citation/doc § Anchors for Harvard referencing templates.

            Identifiers

            The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. |rfc=822 or |pmc=345678.
            • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: arXiv identifier; for example: |arxiv=hep-th/9205027 (before April 2007) or |arxiv=0706.0001 (April 2007 – December 2014) or |arxiv=1501.00001 (since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
            • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Amazon Standard Identification Number; if first character of Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support". value is a digit, use Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".. Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example |asin=B00005N5PF. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
              • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values: ရီု:CS1 errors. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
            • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: bibcode; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example: 1974AJ.....79..819H. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
            • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: bioRxiv id, as in the entire DOI (e.g. 10.1101/078733 for http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 or https://doi.org/10.1101/078733; 10.1101/2020.07.24.220400 for https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400). Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
            • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: CiteSeerX id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g. 10.1.1.176.341 for http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341). Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
            • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Digital object identifier; for example: 10.1038/news070508-7. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.). Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
              • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid DOIs using a non-standard format, see below.
              • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Date a valid DOI was found to be non-working/inactive at https://doi.org. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
            • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: International Standard Serial Number for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |eissn=1557-2986. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
              • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid eISSNs using a non-standard format, see below.
            • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example |hdl=20.1000/100. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
            • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: International Standard Book Number; for example: 978-0-8126-9593-9. (See Wikipedia:ISBN and ISBN § Overview.) Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
              • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISBNs using a non-standard format, see below.
            • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: International Standard Music Number; for example: 979-0-9016791-7-7. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
            • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: International Standard Serial Number; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |issn=2049-3630. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
              • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISSNs using a non-standard format, see below.
            • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik; do not include "JFM" in the value; example |jfm=53.0144.01. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
            • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: JSTOR reference number; for example: |jstor=3793107. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
            • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Library of Congress Control Number. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space; example |lccn=79-57364 or |lccn=2004042477 or |lccn=e09001178. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
            • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Mathematical Reviews; example |mr=630583. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
            • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: OCLC Number for looking up publications in the WorldCat union catalog; example |oclc=9355469. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
            • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example |ol=7030731M. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
            • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Office of Scientific and Technical Information; example |osti=4367507. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
            • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: PubMed Central; use article number for open repository full-text of a journal article, e.g. |pmc=345678. Do not include "PMC" in the value. See also the Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support". parameter, below; these are two different identifiers. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
              • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Date that Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support". goes live; if this date is in the future, then Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support". is not linked until that date. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
            • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: PubMed; use unique identifier; example |pmid=17322060 See also the Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support". parameter, above; these are two different identifiers. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
            • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Request for Comments; example |rfc=3143. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
            • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Standard Book Number; example |sbn=356-02201-3. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
              • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid SBNs using a non-standard format, see below.
            • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Social Science Research Network; example |ssrn=1900856. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
            • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Semantic Scholar corpus ID; example |s2cid=37220927. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
            • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Zentralblatt MATH; example |zbl=0472.53010 For zbMATH search results like JFM 35.0387.02 use |jfm=35.0387.02. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
            In very rare cases, valid identifiers (f.e., as actually printed on publications) do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums, which would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (|doi=, |eissn=, |isbn=, |issn=, and |sbn=) support a special accept-this-as-written markup which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as |<param>=((<value>))). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message. For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the access status using the corresponding |<param>-access= parameter. For {{cite journal}}, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when |url= and |title-link= are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for |title-link= to manually select a specific source (|title-link=pmc or |title-link=doi) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (|title-link=none). It is not necessary to specify a URL to a link identical to a link also produced by an identifier. The |url= parameter (or |title-link=) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a convenience link to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.

            Quote

            • quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation. If script-quote is defined, use quote to hold a Romanization (if available) of the text in script-quote.
              • script-quote: Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in quote (if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of the [[Help:Citation_Style_1#|script-<param>= language codes|supported language codes]] to help browsers properly display the script:
                ... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ...
              • trans-quote: English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. Alias: none.
            • quote-page: The number of a single page quoted in |quote=. Use either |quote-page= or |quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in |page=, |pages= or |at=. Displays preceded by p. unless |no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |quote-page=3{{hyphen}}12). Alias: none.
            • OR: quote-pages: A list or range of pages quoted in |quote=. Use either |quote-page= or |quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in |pages= or |at=. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded by pp. unless |no-pp=yes is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of |quote-pages= without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |quote-pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alias: none.

            Editors

            • editor-last: surname of editor. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use editor-last to include the same format as the source. Aliases: editor-last1, editor1-last, editor-surname, editor-surname1, editor1-surname, editor, editor1.
              • editor: This parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single editor (first and last), or the name of an editorial committee. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one editor.
              • editor-first: given or first names of editor, including title(s); example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Aliases: editor-first1, editor1-first, editor-given, editor-given1, editor1-given.
              • OR: for multiple editors, use editor-last1, editor-first1 through editor-lastn, editor-firstn (Aliases: editorn-last, editor-surnamen or editorn-surname; editorn-first, editor-givenn or editorn-given; editorn). For an individual editor plus an institutional editor, you can use |editor-first1=...|editor-last1=... |editor2=....
              • editor-link: title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: editor-link1.
              • OR: for multiple editors, use editor-link1 through editor-linkn (alias editorn-link).
              • name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to amp, ampersand, or &, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vancdisplays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last/first forms of name parameters.
            • veditors: comma separated list of editor names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional names in doubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate:
              |veditors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
              • editor-linkn and editor-maskn may be used for the individual names in |veditors=, as described above
            • Display:
              Use display-editors to control the length of the displayed editor name list and to specify when "et al." is included.
              If authors: Authors are first, followed by the included work, then "In" and the editors, then the main work.
              If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds."

            Lay summary

            These parameters are deprecated. If the source that they name is important to the Wikipedia article, create a separate cs1|2 template for that source.
            • ထာမ်ပလိက်:Xtd: (deprecated) URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; the URL title is set to "Lay summary".
              • ထာမ်ပလိက်:Xtd: (deprecated) Name of the source of the lay summary. Displays in italics and preceded by a spaced endash.
              • ထာမ်ပလိက်:Xtd: (deprecated) Date of the lay summary. Displays in parentheses.
              • ထာမ်ပလိက်:Xtd: (deprecated) File format of the work referred to by ထာမ်ပလိက်:Xtd; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after lay summary. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. See [[Help:Citation_Style_1#Using_|format=|Using |format=]]

            Display options

            • mode: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For |mode=cs1, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For |mode=cs2, element separator is a comma (,); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). To override default terminal punctuation use postscript.
            • author-mask:
            • contributor-mask:
            • editor-mask:
            • interviewer-mask:
            • subject-mask:
            • translator-mask:
              Replaces the name of the (first) author with em dashes or text. Set <name>-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set <name>-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". The numeric value 0 is a special case to be used in conjunction with <name>-link—in this case, the value of <name>-link will be used as (linked) text. In either case, you must still include the values for all names for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as ထာမ်ပလိက်:Sfnote. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, <references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g. |authorn-mask=) to apply the mask to a specific name.
            • display-authors:
            • display-contributors:
            • display-editors:
            • display-interviewers:
            • display-subjects:
            • display-translators:
              Controls the number of author or editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of names, set display-authors and/or display-editors to the desired number. For example, |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of editors). Likewise, |display-editors=2 will display only the first two editors (and all authors). |display-authors=0 and |display-editors=0 are special cases suppressing the display of all authors or editors including the et al. By default, all authors and editors are displayed. |display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: none.
            • postscript: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); for no terminating punctuation, specify |postscript=none – leaving |postscript= empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text, or templates that render more than a single terminating punctuation character, will generate a maintenance message. |postscript= is ignored if quote is defined.

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            Lua ဗၠေတ်: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/registration" does not exist.

            TemplateData

            This is the TemplateData documentation for this template used by VisualEditor and other tools; see the monthly parameter usage report for this template. TemplateData for ပရေင်ပၞာန် ၁၀၂၇
            Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".

            This template formats a citation to a news article in print, video, audio or web using the provided source information (e.g. author, publication, date) and various formatting options.

            ပါရာမဳတာထာမ်ပလိက်ဂမၠိုၚ်[အရန်ဂွံပလေဝ်ဒါန် ဒေတာထာမ်ပလိက်]

            This template has custom formatting.

            ပါရာမဳတာတၚ်ထမံက်ထ္ၜးဂကူအကာဲအရာ
            Last namelast last1 author author1 authors

            The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'.

            		လာၚ်မကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
            First namefirst first1

            Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'.

            		လာၚ်မကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
            Author linkauthor-link author-link1 author1-link

            Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

            		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Last name 2last2 author2

            The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2'.

            		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            First name 2first2

            Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink.

            		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Author link 2author-link2 author2-link

            Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author. (Up to nine authors can be listed, 3-9 are toward the end of the parameter list)

            		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Last name 3last3 author3

            The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3'.

            		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            First name 3first3

            Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.

            		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Author link 3author-link3 author3-link

            Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author.

            		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Last name 4last4 author4

            The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4'.

            		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            First name 4first4

            Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink.

            		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Author link 4author-link4 author4-link

            Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author.

            		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Last name 5last5 author5

            The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5'.

            		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            First name 5first5

            Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.

            		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Author link 5author-link5 author5-link

            Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth author.

            		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Last name 6last6 author6

            The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6'.

            		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            First name 6first6

            Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.

            		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Author link 6author-link6 author6-link

            Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.

            		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Last name 7last7 author7

            The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7'.

            		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            First name 7first7

            Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.

            		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Author link 7author-link7 author7-link

            Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author.

            		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Last name 8last8 author8

            The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8'.

            		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            First name 8first8

            Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.

            		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Author link 8author-link8 author8-link

            Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author.

            		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Last name 9last9 author9

            The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author.

            		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            First name 9first9

            Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.

            		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Author link 9author-link9 author9-link

            Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author.

            		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Display authorsdisplay-authors

            number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used;

            		ဂၞန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Author maskauthor-mask

            Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Name list stylename-list-style

            Set to 'amp' or 'and' to change the separator between the last two names of the name list to ' & ' or ' and ', respectively. Set to 'vanc' to display name lists in Vancouver style.

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Othersothers

            Used to record other contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Source datedate

            Full date of the source; do not wikilink

            		စၟတ်တ္ၚဲမကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
            Year of publicationyear

            Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Original dateorig-date

            Original date of publication; provide specifics

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Source titletitle

            The title of the article as it appears in the source; displays in quotes

            		ဇုက်နွံပၟိက်
            Script titlescript-title

            For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For Japanese use: |script-title=ja:...

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Languagelanguage

            The language in which the source is written, if not English; use a two-letter language code or the full language name. Do not use icons or templates

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Translated titletrans-title

            An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Editionedition

            When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.'

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Volumevolume

            For one publication published in several volumes. Usually a number. Do not prepend with vol. or v.

            သာဓကဥပမာ
            3
            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Pagepage

            Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Pagespages

            Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source); displays after 'pp.'

            သာဓကဥပမာ
            2–3
            		ဇုက်မကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
            No ppno-pp

            Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')

            အလိုအလျောက် တန်ဖိုး
            y
            		Booleanမိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Atat

            May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Name of publicationwork journal magazine periodical newspaper website

            Name of the newspaper, magazine or periodical; displays after title

            သာဓကဥပမာ
            [[The Wall Street Journal]]
            		ဇုက်မကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
            Publisherpublisher institution

            Name of the parent institution or company that publishes the newspaper, magazine, or periodical; displays after name of the publication

            သာဓကဥပမာ
            [[Gannett]]
            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Agencyagency

            The news agency (wire service) that provided the content; examples: Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Issueissue number

            Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically. Usually a number. Do not prepend with no.

            သာဓကဥပမာ
            4
            		လာၚ်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Departmentdepartment

            Department within the periodical

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Location of publicationlocation place

            Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place; alias of 'place'

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Place of publicationpublication-place

            Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Publication datepublication-date

            Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink

            အလိုအလျောက် တန်ဖိုး
            		စၟတ်တ္ၚဲမိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Editor last nameeditor-last editor-last1 editor1-last editor-surname editor-surname1 editor1-surname editor editor1

            The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-last', 'editor', and 'editors'

            		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Editor first nameeditor-first editor-first1 editor1-first editor-given editor-given1 editor1-given

            Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first'

            		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Editor linkeditor-link editor-link1

            Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-link'

            		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Typetype

            Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Formatformat

            Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            URLurl URL

            The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "http://..." or maybe even the&nbsp;protocol relative scheme "//..."

            သာဓကဥပမာ
            https://www.nytimes.com/...
            		URLမကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
            URL statusurl-status

            If set to 'live', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live. Set to 'dead' if the original URL is broken. If the original URL is 'live' but no longer supports the article text, set to 'deviated'. Set to 'unfit' or 'usurped' if the original URL is no longer suitable (spam, advertising, etc.) which will make the original link not appear at all.

            Suggested values
            dead live usurped unfit deviated
            နဂိုအတိုင်း
            'dead' if an Archive URL is entered
            သာဓကဥပမာ
            'dead' or 'live'
            		ဇုက်မကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
            URL access levelurl-access

            Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited')

            Suggested values
            registration subscription limited
            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            URL access dateaccess-date accessdate

            The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink

            		စၟတ်တ္ၚဲမကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
            Archive URLarchive-url archiveurl

            The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date'

            		ဇုက်မကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
            Archive datearchive-date archivedate

            Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink

            		ဇုက်မကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
            arXiv identifierarxiv

            An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            ASINasin

            Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            ASIN TLDasin-tld

            ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Bibcodebibcode

            Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            DOIdoi

            Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            DOI broken datedoi-broken-date

            The date that the DOI was determined to be broken

            		စၟတ်တ္ၚဲမိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            ISBNisbn ISBN

            International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            ISSNissn ISSN

            International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            jfm codejfm

            Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            JSTORjstor

            JSTOR identifier

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            LCCNlccn

            Library of Congress Control Number

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            MRmr

            Mathematical Reviews identifier

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            OCLCoclc

            Online Computer Library Center number

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            OLol

            Open Library identifier

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            OSTIosti

            Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            PMCpmc

            PubMed Center article number

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            PMIDpmid

            PubMed Unique Identifier

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            RFCrfc

            Request for Comments number

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            SSRNssrn

            Social Science Research Network

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Zblzbl

            Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            idid

            A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Quotequote

            Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Refref

            An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templates

            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Postscriptpostscript

            The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined; to suppress use reserved keyword 'none'

            နဂိုအတိုင်း
            .
            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            viavia

            Identify the aggregator of the resource that provided the digital version (usually a database provider), when it differs from the publisher (e.g., for The Wikipedia Library)

            သာဓကဥပမာ
            [[EBSCOHost]], [[Proquest]], [[Newspapers.com]]
            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Bibcode access levelbibcode-access

            If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'.

            Suggested values
            free
            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            DOI access leveldoi-access

            If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'.

            Suggested values
            free
            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            HDL access levelhdl-access

            If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'.

            Suggested values
            free
            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            Jstor access leveljstor-access

            If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'.

            Suggested values
            free
            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            OpenLibrary access levelol-access

            If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'.

            Suggested values
            free
            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
            OSTI access levelosti-access

            If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'.

            Suggested values
            free
            		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ

            See also

            This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.
            "Ethnic rebel groups launch Operation 1027 to seize areas on the Chinese border" (in en)၊ PIME AsiaNews၊ 28 October 2023။
          1. ↑ You must specify archiveurl = and archivedate = when using {{cite web}}. ULA /, AA (2023-10-27). Statement (in en).
          2. 1 2 You must specify archiveurl = and archivedate = when using {{cite web}}. Alliance of 3 ethnic rebel groups carries out coordinated attacks in northeastern Myanmar.
          3. ↑ Arnold, Matthew (13 November 2023). Revolution and the Escalating Collapse of Myanmar's junta (in en).
          4. ↑
            You must specify archiveurl= and archivedate= when using {{cite news}}. Available parameters:
            Citation Style 1 templates
            {{Cite arXiv}}arXiv preprints
            {{Cite AV media}}audio and visual media
            {{Cite AV media notes}}AV media liner notes
            {{Cite bioRxiv}}bioRxiv preprints
            {{Cite book}}books and chapters
            {{Cite CiteSeerX}}CiteSeerX papers
            {{Cite conference}}conference papers
            {{Cite encyclopedia}}edited collections
            {{Cite episode}}radio or TV episodes
            {{Cite interview}}interviews
            {{Cite journal}}academic journals
            {{Cite magazine}}magazines, periodicals
            {{Cite mailing list}}public mailing lists
            {{Cite map}}maps
            {{Cite news}}news articles
            {{Cite newsgroup}}online newsgroups
            {{Cite podcast}}podcasts
            {{Cite press release}}press releases
            {{Cite report}}reports
            {{Cite serial}}audio or video serials
            {{Cite sign}}signs, plaques
            {{Cite speech}}speeches
            {{Cite ssrn}}SSRN papers
            {{Cite techreport}}technical reports
            {{Cite thesis}}theses
            {{Cite web}}web sources not covered by the above
            See alsoSpecific-source templates
            Wrapper templates
            This Citation Style 1 template is used to create citations for news articles in print, video, audio or web.

            Usage

            Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as |isbn= have upper-case aliases like |ISBN=, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, then purge the page.
            Most commonly used parameters in horizontal format
            To cite a news article with a credited author
            {{cite news |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |work= |location= |access-date=}}
            To cite a news article with no credited author
            {{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date= |title= |url= |work= |location= |access-date=}}
            To cite an online news article that has been archived
            {{cite news |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |url-status= |work= |location= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=}}
            To cite a news article written in a foreign language
            {{cite news |last= |first= |date= |title= |trans-title= |url= |language= |work= |location= |access-date=}}
            To cite and quote an archived news article clipped with an information aggregation service requiring a subscription
            {{cite news |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |title= |trans-title= |url= |url-status= |language= |work= |location= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |quote=}}
            Full parameter set in horizontal format
            {{cite news |last1= |first1= |author-link1= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |last3= |first3= |author-link3= |last4= |first4= |author-link4= |last5= |first5= |author-link5= |display-authors= |author-mask= |name-list-style= |date= |year= |orig-date= |title= |script-title= |trans-title= |url= |url-status= |format= |editor1-last= |editor1-first= |editor1-link= |editor2-last= |editor2-first= |editor2-link= |editor3-last= |editor3-first= |editor3-link= |editor4-last= |editor4-first= |editor4-link= |editor5-last= |editor5-first= |editor5-link= |display-editors= |department= |work= |type= |series= |language= |volume= |issue= |others= |edition= |location= |publisher= |publication-date= |agency= |page= |pages= |at= |no-pp= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |url-access= |quote= |postscript= |ref=}}
            Lua ဗၠေတ်: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/usage vertical common" does not exist.
            To cite a news article with a credited author
            {{cite news
| last         = 
| first        = 
| date         = 
| title        = 
| url          = 
| work         = 
| location     = 
| access-date  = 
}}
            To cite a news article with no credited author
            {{cite news
| author       =<!--not stated-->
| title        = 
| url          = 
| work         = 
| location     = 
| date         = 
| access-date  =
}}
            To cite an online news article that has been archived
            {{cite news
| last         = 
| first        = 
| date         = 
| title        = 
| url          = 
| url-status   = 
| work         = 
| location     = 
| archive-url  = 
| archive-date = 
| access-date  = 
}}
            To cite a news article written in a foreign language
            {{cite news
| last         = 
| first        = 
| date         = 
| title        = 
| trans-title  = 
| url          = 
| language     = 
| work         = 
| location     = 
| access-date  = 
}}
            To cite and quote a clipped and archived news article on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription
            {{cite news
| last1        = 
| first1       = 
| last2        = 
| first2       = 
| date         = 
| title        = 
| trans-title  = 
| url          = 
| url-status   = 
| format       = 
| language     = 
| work    = 
| location     = 
| archive-url  = 
| archive-date = 
| access-date  = 
| via          = 
| url-access   = 
| quote        = 
}}
            |}
            Full parameter set in vertical format
            Vertical listPrerequisitesBrief instructions / notes
            {{cite news
| last1                 = 
| first1                = 
| author-link1          = 
| last2                 = 
| first2                = 
| author-link2          = 
| last3                 = 
| first3                = 
| author-link3          = 
| last4                 = 
| first4                = 
| author-link4          = 
| last5                 = 
| first5                = 
| author-link5          = 
| display-authors       = 
| author-mask           = 
| name-list-style       = 
| date                  = 
| year                  = 
| orig-date             =
| title                 = 
| script-title          = 
| trans-title           = 
| url                   = 
| url-status            = 
| format                = 
| editor1-last          = 
| editor1-first         = 
| editor1-link          = 
| editor2-last          = 
| editor2-first         = 
| editor2-link          = 
| editor3-last          = 
| editor3-first         = 
| editor3-link          = 
| editor4-last          = 
| editor4-first         = 
| editor4-link          = 
| editor5-last          = 
| editor5-first         = 
| editor5-link          = 
| display-editors       = 
| department            = 
| work                  = 
| type                  = 
| series                = 
| language              = 
| volume                = 
| issue                 = 
| others                = 
| edition               = 
| location              = 
| publisher             = 
| publication-date      = 
| agency                = 
| page                  = 
| pages                 = 
| at                    = 
| no-pp                 = 
| arxiv                 = 
| asin                  = 
| bibcode               = 
| doi                   = 
| doi-broken-date       = 
| isbn                  = 
| issn                  = 
| jfm                   = 
| jstor                 = 
| lccn                  = 
| mr                    = 
| oclc                  = 
| ol                    = 
| osti                  = 
| pmc                   = 
| pmid                  = 
| rfc                   = 
| ssrn                  = 
| zbl                   = 
| id                    = 
| archive-url           = 
| archive-date          = 
| access-date           = 
| via                   = 
| quote                 = 
| postscript            = 
| ref                   = 
}}

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            • If a field name is listed in the Prerequisites column, it is a prerequisite for the field to the left.

            Choosing between {{Cite web}} and {{Cite news}}

            Before 2014, editors needed to decide whether to use {{Cite web}} or {{Cite news}} based on their features. In 2014, however, most of the differences between the two templates were eliminated. As of 29 July 2016, {{Cite web}} and {{Cite news}} have the following differences:
            • {{Cite news}} can be used for offline (paper) sources whereas {{Cite web}} generates a missing URL error when no URL is provided
            • {{Cite news}} accepts |issue= and |volume= parameters while {{Cite web}} does not (See [[Help talk:Citation Style 1/Archive 10#|volume=, |issue=, |page(s)= and cite magazine|Help talk:Citation Style 1/Archive 10 § |volume=, |issue=, |page(s)= and cite magazine]].)
            But given the same set of valid parameters, their output is exactly the same:
            Cite web:Silverman, Dwight (July 15, 2011). Microsoft envisions a universal OS, but it might not be called Windows. Houston Chronicle. Hearst Corporation.
            Cite news:ထာမ်ပလိက် ၜန်ၜုဲ မဂွံဆဵုကေတ် - ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news

            Examples

            A news article with a credited author
            {{cite news |last=Wolford |first=Ben |date=2013-10-16 |title=Citrus Canker Lawsuit Headed Back to Trial |url=http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/palm-beach/fl-citrus-canker-ruling-20131016,0,7602285.story |work=South Florida Sun-Sentinel |access-date=2013-10-17|ref=none}}
            Displays as:
            A news article released by a news agency and having no credited author
            {{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |title=Bellingham Police Arrest WWU Student in Melee |url=http://blogs.seattletimes.com/today/2013/10/bellingham-police-arrest-wwu-student-in-melee/ |work=The Seattle Times |agency=Associated Press |date=2013-10-17 |access-date=2013-10-17|ref=none}}
            Displays as:
            A news article that has been archived
            {{cite news |last=Pank |first=Philip |date=2013-10-18 |title=Families Accuse Network Rail of Cover-Up |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/business/industries/transport/article3897709.ece |url-status=dead |work=The Times |location=London |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6KS5scqfE |archive-date=2013-10-18 |access-date=2013-10-18|ref=none}}
            Displays as:
            A news article written in a foreign language
            {{cite news |last=Bourmaud |first=François-Xavier |date=2013-10-17 |title=Hollande dans le bourbier de l'affaire Leonarda |trans-title=Hollande in the quagmire of the Leonarda case |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2013/10/17/01002-20131017ARTFIG00575-hollande-dans-le-bourbier-de-l-affaire-leonarda.php |language=French |work=Le Figaro |location=Paris |access-date=2013-10-17|ref=none}}
            Displays as:
            A clipped and archived news article that you quote, found on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription
            {{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30201172/daily_news/ |title=Czechs honor Yuri |date=30 April 1961 |newspaper=Daily News|access-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402233429/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30201172/daily_news/|archive-date=2 April 2019|url-status=live |agency=Reuters |location=New York |page=35 |via=Newspapers.com |quote=Czech President [[Antonin Novotny]] today made visiting Soviet spaceman Yuri Gagarin a 'Hero of Socialist Labor'.|ref=none}}
            Displays as:

            Parameters

            Syntax

            Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:
            • parent
            • OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent
              • child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
              • OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)
            Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.
            By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.).

            COinS

            This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. See Wikipedia:COinS. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text: Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example &nbsp;, &ndash;, etc., should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata.

            COinS metadata is created for these parameters

            Note: This table of metadata is displayed in the documentation of all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. A full list of this template's supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies is shown in the Usage section near the top of this documentation page.
            • |periodical=, |journal=, |newspaper=, |magazine=, |work=, |website=, |encyclopedia=, |encyclopaedia=, |dictionary=
            • |chapter=, |script-chapter=, |contribution=, |script-contribution=, |entry=, |script-entry=, |article=, |script-article=, |section=, |script-section=
            • |title=, |script-title=, |book-title=
            • |publication-place=, |place=, |location=
            • |date=, |year=, |publication-date=
            • |series=, |version=
            • |volume=, |issue=, |number=
            • |page=, |pages=, |at=, |quote-page=, |quote-pages=
            • |edition=
            • |publisher=, |institution=
            • |url=, |chapter-url=, |contribution-url=, |section-url=
            • |author-last=, |author-last#=, |author#-last=, |author-surname=, |author-surname#=, |author#-surname=, |last=, |last#=, |surname=, |surname#=, |author=, |author#=, |subject=, |subject#=, |host=, |host#=
            • |author-first=, |author-first#=, |author#-first=, |author-given=, |author-given#=, |author#-given=, |first=, |first#=, |given=, |given#=
            • |degree=
            • |arxiv=, |bibcode=, |biorxiv=, |citeseerx=, |doi=, |eissn=, |eprint=, |hdl=, |isbn=, |issn=, |jfm=, |jstor=, |lccn=, |message-id=, |mr=, |oclc=, |osti=, |pmc=, |pmid=, |rfc=, |ssrn=, |s2cid=, |zbl=

            What's new

            Lua ဗၠေတ်: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/whats new" does not exist.

            Deprecated

            ရီု:CS1 errors ရီု:CS1 errors ရီု:CS1 errors ရီု:CS1 errors

            Description

            Authors

            Lua ဗၠေတ်: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/author" does not exist.

            Title

            (See also Help:Citation Style 1 § Titles and chapters.)
            • title: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in italics. If script-title is defined, use title to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-title.
              • script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in title (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the [[Help:Citation_Style_1#|script-<param>= language codes|supported language codes]] to help browsers properly display the script:
                ... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...
              • trans-title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after title. Use of the language parameter is recommended.
            Titles containing certain characters will not display and link correctly unless those characters are encoded.
            newline[]|
            space&#91;&#93;{{!}} (preferred)
            {{bracket|text}}&#124; or {{pipe}} – see also Help:Table § Rendering the pipe
            • title-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named in title – do not use a web address; do not wikilink.
            • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either the ISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples: |language=ru; |lang=fr, pt-br; |lang=Russian; |language=French, Portuguese. See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of Category:CS1 foreign language sources. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form: espagnol at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".

            Periodical (work, newspaper, website)

            • work (required by {{cite journal}} and {{cite magazine}}): Name of the work containing the source; may be wikilinked if relevant. Displays in italics. If the name of the periodical changed over time use the name at the time of the source's publication. If script-work is defined, use work to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-work. Aliases: journal, newspaper, magazine, periodical, website. Use Latin script. For languages written in non-Latin based scripts (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Indic, Japanese, Korean, etc.) use a standard Romanization in this field.
              • script-work: Work title in its original, non-Latin script; not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in work (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the [[Help:Citation_Style_1#|script-<param>= language codes|supported language codes]] to help browsers properly display the script. Leave empty for Latin-based scripts (Czech, French, Turkish, Vietnamese, etc.). Aliases: script-journal, script-newspaper, script-magazine, script-periodical, script-website.
              • trans-work: English translation of the work title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after work or script-work. Aliases: trans-journal, trans-newspaper, trans-magazine, trans-periodical, trans-website.
                ... |work=Zhōngguó piàofáng |script-work=zh:中国票房 |trans-work=China Box Office ...
              • issue: When the publication is one of a series that is published periodically. Alias: number. When the issue has a special title of its own, this may be given, in italics, along with the issue number, e.g. |issue=2, ''Modern Canadian Literature''. Please choose either |issue= or |number= depending on what is used in the actual publication. If a publication carries both issue and number designations (typically one being a year-relative and the other an absolute value), provide them both, for example |issue=2 #143. Displayed in parentheses following volume.
              • department: Title of a regular department, column, or section within the periodical or journal. Examples include "Communication", "Editorial", "Letter to the Editor", and "Review". Displays after title and is in plain text.
            When set, work changes the formatting of other parameters in the same citation:
            title is not italicized and is enclosed in quotes.
            chapter does not display (and will produce an error message).

            Publisher

            • publisher: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. The publisher is the company, organization or other legal entity that publishes the work being cited. Do not use the publisher parameter for the name of a work (e.g. a website, book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.). If the name of the publisher changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc.", or "GmbH" are not usually included. Not normally used for periodicals. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes The New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays after title.
            • place: For news stories with a dateline, the location where the story was written. If the name of the location changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. In earlier versions of the template this was the publication place, and for compatibility, will be treated as the publication place if the publication-place parameter is absent; see that parameter for further information. Alias: location
            • publication-place: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the publication place, for example, The Boston Globe, The Times of India. Displays after the title. If the name of the publication place changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. If only one of publication-place, place, or location is defined, it will be treated as the publication place and will show after the title; if publication-place and place or location are defined, then place or location is shown before the title prefixed with "written at" and publication-place is shown after the title.
            • publication-date: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. If date (or year) is also defined and is different, then publication-date displays preceded by "published" and enclosed in parentheses, following publisher. If date (or year) is not defined, publication-date is displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink.
            • via: Name of the content deliverer (if different from publisher). via is not a replacement for publisher, but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer (e.g. NewsBank) presents the source in a format different from the original, when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (EBSCO), or if the deliverer requests attribution. See the access level parameters to display access restrictions.
            Lua ဗၠေတ်: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/agency" does not exist.

            Date

            • date: Date of referenced source. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations.ထာမ်ပလိက်:R Required when year is used to disambiguate {{sfn}} links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after the website and publisher. For acceptable date formats, see Help:Citation Style 1 § Dates.
            For approximate year, precede with "c. ", like this: |date=c. 1900.
            For no date, or "undated", use |date=n.d.
            The date of a Web page, PDF, etc. with no visible date can sometimes be established by searching the page source or document code for a created or updated date; a comment for editors such as date=2021-12-25<!--date from page source-->|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01 can be added.
            Automatic date formatting: Citation Style 1 and 2 templates, including this template, automatically render dates in all date parameters (such as |date=, |publication-date=, |access-date=, |archive-date=, etc.) except for |orig-date= in the style specified by the article's {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template. See those templates' documentation for details.
            • year: Year of source being referenced. The usage of this parameter is discouraged; use the more flexible |date= parameter instead unless both of the following conditions are met:
              1. The |date= format is YYYY-MM-DD.
              2. The citation requires a CITEREF disambiguator.
            • orig-date: Original publication date or year; displays in square brackets after the date (or year). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: |orig-date=First published 1859 or |orig-date=Composed 1904. As |orig-date= does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by |df= (or, if it exists in the article, by |cs1-dates= of a {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template), or as used in the |date= parameter. Alias: orig-year
            • df: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these:
              dmy – set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;
              mdy – as above for month day, year format
              ymd – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
              dmy-all – set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;
              mdy-all – as above for month day, year format
              ymd-all – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD

              Edition, volume

              • edition: When the publication has more than one edition; for example: "2nd", "Revised", and so forth. Appends the string " ed." after the field, so |edition=2nd produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined.
              • volume: For one publication published in several volumes. Displays after the title and series fields; volume numbers should be entered just as a numeral (e.g. 37). Volume values that are wholly digits, wholly uppercase Roman numerals, or fewer than five characters will appear in bold. Any alphanumeric value of five or more characters will not appear in bold. In rare cases, publications carry both an ongoing volume and a year-related value; if so, provide them both, for example |volume=IV / #10.

              In-source locations

              • page: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Displays preceded by p. unless |no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |page=3{{hyphen}}12), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert |page=3-12 to |pages=3{{ndash}}12. Alias: p.
              • OR: pages: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by pp. unless |no-pp=yes.
                Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of |pages= without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alternatively, use |at=, like this: |at=pp. 3-1&ndash;3-15. Alias: pp.
                • no-pp: Set to yes, y, or true to suppress the p. or pp. notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where |page=Front cover or |pages=passim.
              • OR: at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by |page= or |pages=. Use only one of |page=, |pages=, or |at=.
                Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse.
              • For |quote-page= and |quote-pages= used in conjunction with |quote=, see here.

              URL

              • url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named by title can be found. Cannot be used if title is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g. #ixzz2rBr3aO94 or ?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=.... For linking to pages in PDF files or in Google Books, see WP:PAGELINKS. Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon; use |isbn= or |oclc= to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message.
                • access-date: Full date when the content pointed to by url was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires url; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations.ထာမ်ပလိက်:R Not required for linked documents that do not change. For example, access-date is required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; see WP:CITEWEB. Access dates are not required for links to published research papers or published books. Note that access-date is the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias: accessdate.
                • archive-url: The URL of an archived snapshot of a web page. Typically used to refer to services such as Internet Archive (see Wikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine), WebCite (see Help:Using WebCite) and archive.today (see Help:Using archive.today); requires archive-date and url. By default (overridden by |url-status=live) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias: archiveurl.
                  • archive-date: Archive-service snapshot-date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates.ထာမ်ပလိက်:R Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Alias: archivedate.
                  • url-status: the |url-status= parameter should only be included if an |archive-url= is set. If omitted, or with null value, the default value is |url-status=dead. When the URL is still live, but pre-emptively archived, then set |url-status=live; this changes the display order, with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end. When the original URL is 'live' but no longer supports the article text, set |url-status=deviated. When the original URL has been usurped for the purposes of spam, advertising, or is otherwise unsuitable, setting |url-status=unfit or |url-status=usurped suppresses display of the original URL (but |url= and |archive-url= are still required).
                  • archive-format: File format of the work referred to by archive-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after the archive link. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. See [[Help:Citation Style 1#Using |format=|Using |format=]]
                • url-access: See Access indicators for url-holding parameters
              • format: File format of the work referred to by url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title. (For media format, use type.) HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. See [[Help:Citation Style 1#Using |format=|Using |format=]]
              ထာမ်ပလိက်:MediaWiki URL rules

                Anchor

                • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: the citation's HTML anchor identifier, when different from its default. When set, |ref=ID generates an anchor with the given ID (the id= attribute in the citation's <cite id="ID"> HTML tag). Setting |ref=ID identifies the template as a target and allows wikilinking to full references, especially useful with short-form citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with {{sfn}} and {{harv}} templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair |ref=harv has no special meaning; this deprecated setting should not be used and may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set |ref=none. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".. See Template:Citation/doc § Anchors for Harvard referencing templates.

                Identifiers

                The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. |rfc=822 or |pmc=345678.
                • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: arXiv identifier; for example: |arxiv=hep-th/9205027 (before April 2007) or |arxiv=0706.0001 (April 2007 – December 2014) or |arxiv=1501.00001 (since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
                • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Amazon Standard Identification Number; if first character of Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support". value is a digit, use Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".. Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example |asin=B00005N5PF. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
                  • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values: ရီု:CS1 errors. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
                • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: bibcode; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example: 1974AJ.....79..819H. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
                • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: bioRxiv id, as in the entire DOI (e.g. 10.1101/078733 for http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 or https://doi.org/10.1101/078733; 10.1101/2020.07.24.220400 for https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400). Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
                • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: CiteSeerX id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g. 10.1.1.176.341 for http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341). Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
                • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Digital object identifier; for example: 10.1038/news070508-7. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.). Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
                  • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid DOIs using a non-standard format, see below.
                  • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Date a valid DOI was found to be non-working/inactive at https://doi.org. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
                • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: International Standard Serial Number for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |eissn=1557-2986. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
                  • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid eISSNs using a non-standard format, see below.
                • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example |hdl=20.1000/100. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
                • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: International Standard Book Number; for example: 978-0-8126-9593-9. (See Wikipedia:ISBN and ISBN § Overview.) Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
                  • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISBNs using a non-standard format, see below.
                • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: International Standard Music Number; for example: 979-0-9016791-7-7. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
                • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: International Standard Serial Number; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |issn=2049-3630. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
                  • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISSNs using a non-standard format, see below.
                • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik; do not include "JFM" in the value; example |jfm=53.0144.01. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
                • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: JSTOR reference number; for example: |jstor=3793107. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
                • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Library of Congress Control Number. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space; example |lccn=79-57364 or |lccn=2004042477 or |lccn=e09001178. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
                • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Mathematical Reviews; example |mr=630583. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
                • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: OCLC Number for looking up publications in the WorldCat union catalog; example |oclc=9355469. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
                • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example |ol=7030731M. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
                • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Office of Scientific and Technical Information; example |osti=4367507. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
                • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: PubMed Central; use article number for open repository full-text of a journal article, e.g. |pmc=345678. Do not include "PMC" in the value. See also the Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support". parameter, below; these are two different identifiers. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
                  • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Date that Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support". goes live; if this date is in the future, then Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support". is not linked until that date. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
                • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: PubMed; use unique identifier; example |pmid=17322060 See also the Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support". parameter, above; these are two different identifiers. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
                • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Request for Comments; example |rfc=3143. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
                • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Standard Book Number; example |sbn=356-02201-3. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
                  • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid SBNs using a non-standard format, see below.
                • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Social Science Research Network; example |ssrn=1900856. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
                • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Semantic Scholar corpus ID; example |s2cid=37220927. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
                • Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".: Zentralblatt MATH; example |zbl=0472.53010 For zbMATH search results like JFM 35.0387.02 use |jfm=35.0387.02. Aliases: Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support"..
                In very rare cases, valid identifiers (f.e., as actually printed on publications) do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums, which would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (|doi=, |eissn=, |isbn=, |issn=, and |sbn=) support a special accept-this-as-written markup which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as |<param>=((<value>))). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message. For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the access status using the corresponding |<param>-access= parameter. For {{cite journal}}, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when |url= and |title-link= are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for |title-link= to manually select a specific source (|title-link=pmc or |title-link=doi) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (|title-link=none). It is not necessary to specify a URL to a link identical to a link also produced by an identifier. The |url= parameter (or |title-link=) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a convenience link to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.

                Quote

                • quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation. If script-quote is defined, use quote to hold a Romanization (if available) of the text in script-quote.
                  • script-quote: Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in quote (if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of the [[Help:Citation_Style_1#|script-<param>= language codes|supported language codes]] to help browsers properly display the script:
                    ... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ...
                  • trans-quote: English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. Alias: none.
                • quote-page: The number of a single page quoted in |quote=. Use either |quote-page= or |quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in |page=, |pages= or |at=. Displays preceded by p. unless |no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |quote-page=3{{hyphen}}12). Alias: none.
                • OR: quote-pages: A list or range of pages quoted in |quote=. Use either |quote-page= or |quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in |pages= or |at=. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded by pp. unless |no-pp=yes is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of |quote-pages= without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |quote-pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alias: none.

                Editors

                • editor-last: surname of editor. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use editor-last to include the same format as the source. Aliases: editor-last1, editor1-last, editor-surname, editor-surname1, editor1-surname, editor, editor1.
                  • editor: This parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single editor (first and last), or the name of an editorial committee. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one editor.
                  • editor-first: given or first names of editor, including title(s); example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Aliases: editor-first1, editor1-first, editor-given, editor-given1, editor1-given.
                  • OR: for multiple editors, use editor-last1, editor-first1 through editor-lastn, editor-firstn (Aliases: editorn-last, editor-surnamen or editorn-surname; editorn-first, editor-givenn or editorn-given; editorn). For an individual editor plus an institutional editor, you can use |editor-first1=...|editor-last1=... |editor2=....
                  • editor-link: title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: editor-link1.
                  • OR: for multiple editors, use editor-link1 through editor-linkn (alias editorn-link).
                  • name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to amp, ampersand, or &, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vancdisplays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last/first forms of name parameters.
                • veditors: comma separated list of editor names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional names in doubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate:
                  |veditors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
                  • editor-linkn and editor-maskn may be used for the individual names in |veditors=, as described above
                • Display:
                  Use display-editors to control the length of the displayed editor name list and to specify when "et al." is included.
                  If authors: Authors are first, followed by the included work, then "In" and the editors, then the main work.
                  If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds."

                Lay summary

                These parameters are deprecated. If the source that they name is important to the Wikipedia article, create a separate cs1|2 template for that source.
                • ထာမ်ပလိက်:Xtd: (deprecated) URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; the URL title is set to "Lay summary".
                  • ထာမ်ပလိက်:Xtd: (deprecated) Name of the source of the lay summary. Displays in italics and preceded by a spaced endash.
                  • ထာမ်ပလိက်:Xtd: (deprecated) Date of the lay summary. Displays in parentheses.
                  • ထာမ်ပလိက်:Xtd: (deprecated) File format of the work referred to by ထာမ်ပလိက်:Xtd; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after lay summary. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. See [[Help:Citation_Style_1#Using_|format=|Using |format=]]

                Display options

                • mode: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For |mode=cs1, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For |mode=cs2, element separator is a comma (,); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). To override default terminal punctuation use postscript.
                • author-mask:
                • contributor-mask:
                • editor-mask:
                • interviewer-mask:
                • subject-mask:
                • translator-mask:
                  Replaces the name of the (first) author with em dashes or text. Set <name>-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set <name>-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". The numeric value 0 is a special case to be used in conjunction with <name>-link—in this case, the value of <name>-link will be used as (linked) text. In either case, you must still include the values for all names for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as ထာမ်ပလိက်:Sfnote. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, <references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g. |authorn-mask=) to apply the mask to a specific name.
                • display-authors:
                • display-contributors:
                • display-editors:
                • display-interviewers:
                • display-subjects:
                • display-translators:
                  Controls the number of author or editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of names, set display-authors and/or display-editors to the desired number. For example, |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of editors). Likewise, |display-editors=2 will display only the first two editors (and all authors). |display-authors=0 and |display-editors=0 are special cases suppressing the display of all authors or editors including the et al. By default, all authors and editors are displayed. |display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: none.
                • postscript: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); for no terminating punctuation, specify |postscript=none – leaving |postscript= empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text, or templates that render more than a single terminating punctuation character, will generate a maintenance message. |postscript= is ignored if quote is defined.

                Subscription or registration required

                Lua ဗၠေတ်: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/registration" does not exist.

                TemplateData

                This is the TemplateData documentation for this template used by VisualEditor and other tools; see the monthly parameter usage report for this template. TemplateData for ပရေင်ပၞာန် ၁၀၂၇
                Script error: No such module "cs1 documentation support".

                This template formats a citation to a news article in print, video, audio or web using the provided source information (e.g. author, publication, date) and various formatting options.

                ပါရာမဳတာထာမ်ပလိက်ဂမၠိုၚ်[အရန်ဂွံပလေဝ်ဒါန် ဒေတာထာမ်ပလိက်]

                This template has custom formatting.

                ပါရာမဳတာတၚ်ထမံက်ထ္ၜးဂကူအကာဲအရာ
                Last namelast last1 author author1 authors

                The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'.

                		လာၚ်မကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
                First namefirst first1

                Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'.

                		လာၚ်မကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
                Author linkauthor-link author-link1 author1-link

                Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors

                		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Last name 2last2 author2

                The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2'.

                		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                First name 2first2

                Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink.

                		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Author link 2author-link2 author2-link

                Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author. (Up to nine authors can be listed, 3-9 are toward the end of the parameter list)

                		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Last name 3last3 author3

                The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3'.

                		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                First name 3first3

                Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.

                		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Author link 3author-link3 author3-link

                Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author.

                		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Last name 4last4 author4

                The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4'.

                		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                First name 4first4

                Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink.

                		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Author link 4author-link4 author4-link

                Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author.

                		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Last name 5last5 author5

                The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5'.

                		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                First name 5first5

                Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.

                		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Author link 5author-link5 author5-link

                Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth author.

                		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Last name 6last6 author6

                The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6'.

                		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                First name 6first6

                Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.

                		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Author link 6author-link6 author6-link

                Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.

                		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Last name 7last7 author7

                The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7'.

                		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                First name 7first7

                Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.

                		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Author link 7author-link7 author7-link

                Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author.

                		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Last name 8last8 author8

                The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8'.

                		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                First name 8first8

                Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.

                		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Author link 8author-link8 author8-link

                Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author.

                		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Last name 9last9 author9

                The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author.

                		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                First name 9first9

                Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.

                		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Author link 9author-link9 author9-link

                Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author.

                		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Display authorsdisplay-authors

                number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used;

                		ဂၞန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Author maskauthor-mask

                Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Name list stylename-list-style

                Set to 'amp' or 'and' to change the separator between the last two names of the name list to ' & ' or ' and ', respectively. Set to 'vanc' to display name lists in Vancouver style.

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Othersothers

                Used to record other contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Source datedate

                Full date of the source; do not wikilink

                		စၟတ်တ္ၚဲမကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
                Year of publicationyear

                Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Original dateorig-date

                Original date of publication; provide specifics

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Source titletitle

                The title of the article as it appears in the source; displays in quotes

                		ဇုက်နွံပၟိက်
                Script titlescript-title

                For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For Japanese use: |script-title=ja:...

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Languagelanguage

                The language in which the source is written, if not English; use a two-letter language code or the full language name. Do not use icons or templates

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Translated titletrans-title

                An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Editionedition

                When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.'

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Volumevolume

                For one publication published in several volumes. Usually a number. Do not prepend with vol. or v.

                သာဓကဥပမာ
                3
                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Pagepage

                Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Pagespages

                Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source); displays after 'pp.'

                သာဓကဥပမာ
                2–3
                		ဇုက်မကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
                No ppno-pp

                Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')

                အလိုအလျောက် တန်ဖိုး
                y
                		Booleanမိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Atat

                May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Name of publicationwork journal magazine periodical newspaper website

                Name of the newspaper, magazine or periodical; displays after title

                သာဓကဥပမာ
                [[The Wall Street Journal]]
                		ဇုက်မကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
                Publisherpublisher institution

                Name of the parent institution or company that publishes the newspaper, magazine, or periodical; displays after name of the publication

                သာဓကဥပမာ
                [[Gannett]]
                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Agencyagency

                The news agency (wire service) that provided the content; examples: Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Issueissue number

                Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically. Usually a number. Do not prepend with no.

                သာဓကဥပမာ
                4
                		လာၚ်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Departmentdepartment

                Department within the periodical

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Location of publicationlocation place

                Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place; alias of 'place'

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Place of publicationpublication-place

                Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Publication datepublication-date

                Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink

                အလိုအလျောက် တန်ဖိုး
                		စၟတ်တ္ၚဲမိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Editor last nameeditor-last editor-last1 editor1-last editor-surname editor-surname1 editor1-surname editor editor1

                The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-last', 'editor', and 'editors'

                		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Editor first nameeditor-first editor-first1 editor1-first editor-given editor-given1 editor1-given

                Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first'

                		တီကေတ်ဟွံမာန်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Editor linkeditor-link editor-link1

                Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-link'

                		ယၟုမုက်လိက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Typetype

                Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Formatformat

                Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                URLurl URL

                The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "http://..." or maybe even the&nbsp;protocol relative scheme "//..."

                သာဓကဥပမာ
                https://www.nytimes.com/...
                		URLမကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
                URL statusurl-status

                If set to 'live', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live. Set to 'dead' if the original URL is broken. If the original URL is 'live' but no longer supports the article text, set to 'deviated'. Set to 'unfit' or 'usurped' if the original URL is no longer suitable (spam, advertising, etc.) which will make the original link not appear at all.

                Suggested values
                dead live usurped unfit deviated
                နဂိုအတိုင်း
                'dead' if an Archive URL is entered
                သာဓကဥပမာ
                'dead' or 'live'
                		ဇုက်မကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
                URL access levelurl-access

                Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited')

                Suggested values
                registration subscription limited
                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                URL access dateaccess-date accessdate

                The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink

                		စၟတ်တ္ၚဲမကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
                Archive URLarchive-url archiveurl

                The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date'

                		ဇုက်မကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
                Archive datearchive-date archivedate

                Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink

                		ဇုက်မကဵုလဝ်ကသပ်
                arXiv identifierarxiv

                An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                ASINasin

                Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                ASIN TLDasin-tld

                ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Bibcodebibcode

                Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                DOIdoi

                Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                DOI broken datedoi-broken-date

                The date that the DOI was determined to be broken

                		စၟတ်တ္ၚဲမိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                ISBNisbn ISBN

                International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                ISSNissn ISSN

                International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                jfm codejfm

                Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                JSTORjstor

                JSTOR identifier

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                LCCNlccn

                Library of Congress Control Number

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                MRmr

                Mathematical Reviews identifier

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                OCLCoclc

                Online Computer Library Center number

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                OLol

                Open Library identifier

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                OSTIosti

                Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                PMCpmc

                PubMed Center article number

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                PMIDpmid

                PubMed Unique Identifier

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                RFCrfc

                Request for Comments number

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                SSRNssrn

                Social Science Research Network

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Zblzbl

                Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                idid

                A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Quotequote

                Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Refref

                An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templates

                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Postscriptpostscript

                The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined; to suppress use reserved keyword 'none'

                နဂိုအတိုင်း
                .
                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                viavia

                Identify the aggregator of the resource that provided the digital version (usually a database provider), when it differs from the publisher (e.g., for The Wikipedia Library)

                သာဓကဥပမာ
                [[EBSCOHost]], [[Proquest]], [[Newspapers.com]]
                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Bibcode access levelbibcode-access

                If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'.

                Suggested values
                free
                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                DOI access leveldoi-access

                If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'.

                Suggested values
                free
                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                HDL access levelhdl-access

                If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'.

                Suggested values
                free
                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                Jstor access leveljstor-access

                If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'.

                Suggested values
                free
                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                OpenLibrary access levelol-access

                If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'.

                Suggested values
                free
                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ
                OSTI access levelosti-access

                If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'.

                Suggested values
                free
                		ဇုက်မိက်ဂွံစုတ်တှ်ေ

                See also

                This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.
                "၁၀၂၇ စစ်ဆင်ရေးအဖြစ် ရှမ်းမြောက်ပိုင်းရှိ စစ်ကောင်စီ၏ စစ်ရေးပစ်မှတ်များကိုဝင်တိုက်" (in my)၊ 27 October 2023။
              1. 1 2 ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
              2. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
              3. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              4. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
              5. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              6. 1 2 3 ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
              7. 1 2 ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
              8. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
              9. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
              10. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
              11. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              12. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              13. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
              14. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              15. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              16. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              17. 1 2 ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              18. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              19. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              20. 1 2 Myanmar Junta Uses Airstrikes as Sagaing Resistance Attacks ထာမ်ပလိက်:Webarchive (Archive)
              21. ↑ Myanmar Junta Troops Lost Will to Fight: Brotherhood Alliance ထာမ်ပလိက်:Webarchive (Archive)
              22. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
              23. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              24. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
              25. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
              26. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              27. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              28. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
              29. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Citation
              30. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
              31. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
              32. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              33. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              34. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              35. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              36. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              37. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              38. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
              39. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
              40. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              41. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
              42. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
              43. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              44. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
              45. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
              46. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
              47. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              48. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              49. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
              50. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
              51. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              52. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              53. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              54. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              55. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              56. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              57. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              58. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
              59. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              60. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              61. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              62. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite web
              63. ↑ ထာမ်ပလိက်:Cite news
              ကလေင်ကေတ်လဝ် နူ "https://mnw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ပရေင်ပၞာန်_၁၀၂၇&oldid=45473"